A wire of length 36m is to be cut into two pieces.One of the pieces is to be made into a square and the other into a circle.What should be the lengths of two pieces,so that the combined area of square and the circle is minimum?
Details :
Let the length of part made into square is and that of circle be .
Then find .
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Let the portion used for the square have length 4 x and that used for the circle have length 3 6 − 4 x = 4 ( 9 − x ) . The circle then has a radius r such that
2 π r = 4 ( 9 − x ) ⟹ r = π 2 ( 9 − x ) .
With A ( x ) being the sum of the respective areas of the square and circle, we see that
A ( x ) = ( 4 4 x ) 2 + π r 2 = x 2 + π ∗ π 2 4 ( 9 − x ) 2 = x 2 + π 4 ( 9 − x ) 2 .
Any critical points will then occur when
d x d A = 2 x − π 8 ( 9 − x ) = 0 ⟹ 2 x ( 1 + π 4 ) = π 7 2
⟹ x = π + 4 3 6 ⟹ 4 x = π + 4 1 4 4 .
Now since d x 2 d 2 A = 2 + π 8 > 0 we know by the second derivative test that A ( x ) will achieve a minimum at the above critical point. Thus the desired length of wire used for the square has length 4 x = π + 4 1 4 4 , and that used for the circle has length 3 6 − π + 4 1 4 4 = π + 4 3 6 π .
This results in the sum a + b + c = 1 4 4 + 4 + 3 6 = 1 8 4 .