You are supposed to solve this (part 1)

Algebra Level 5

{ a b + a c + b c + d = 2 a b + a d + b d + c = 2 a c + c d + a d + b = 2 b c + b d + c d + a = 2 \large \begin{cases} ab + ac + bc + d = 2\\ ab + ad + bd + c = 2\\ ac + cd + ad + b = 2\\ bc + bd + cd + a = 2 \end{cases}

How many real solutions are there for the system of equations above?


The answer is 6.

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1 solution

Minh Bùi Nhật
Jan 10, 2019

We have:

{ a b + a c + b c + d = 2 a b + a d + b d + c = 2 a c + a d + c d + b = 2 b c + b d + c d + a = 2 \begin{cases} ab + ac + bc + d = 2 \\ ab + ad + bd + c = 2 \\ ac + ad + cd + b = 2 \\ bc + bd + cd + a = 2 \end{cases}

Let turn this into the system with 6 equations (hint: use subtraction):

{ ( a b ) ( c + d 1 ) = 0 ( 1 ) ( a c ) ( b + d 1 ) = 0 ( 2 ) ( a d ) ( b + c 1 ) = 0 ( 3 ) ( b c ) ( a + d 1 ) = 0 ( 4 ) ( b d ) ( a + c 1 ) = 0 ( 5 ) ( c d ) ( a + b 1 ) = 0 ( 6 ) \begin{cases} (a - b)(c + d - 1) = 0 (1) \\ (a - c)(b + d - 1) = 0 (2) \\ (a - d)(b + c - 1) = 0 (3) \\ (b - c)(a + d - 1) = 0 (4) \\ (b - d)(a + c - 1) = 0 (5) \\ (c - d)(a + b - 1) = 0 (6) \end{cases}

We will divide this into 4 cases.

Case 1: a = b = c = d a = b = c = d then from the first equation of the problem we have 3 a 2 + a = 2 3a^2 + a = 2 .

Solving this yields 2 solutions: a = b = c = d = 1 a = b = c = d = -1 or a = b = c = d = 2 3 a = b = c = d = \frac{2}{3} .

Case 2: a = b = c d a = b = c \neq d then from (6) we have: a + b = 1 a + b = 1 which also means 2 a = 1 2a = 1 hence a = b = c = 1 2 a = b = c = \frac{1}{2} .

Moreover, from (1) we have 3 a 2 + d = 2 3a^2 + d = 2 hence d = 5 4 d = \frac{5}{4} , counting permutations which gives us 4 more solutions.

Case 3: a = b c a = b \neq c and a d a \neq d from (2), (3), (4) and (5) we have: b + d = b + c = a + d = a + c = 1 b + d = b + c = a + d = a + c = 1 that mean c = d c = d . Moreover, from the first equation of the problem we also have c = 1 d c = 1 - d plug it back gives us a 2 a + 1 = 0 a^2 - a + 1 = 0 which has no real solutions.

Case 4: None of a a , b b , c c , d d are the same. From (1) and (2) we can conclude that: c + d = b + d = 1 c + d = b + d = 1 which means c = b c = b . Hence, contradiction.

We have 2 + 4 = 6 2 + 4 = \boxed{6} solutions in total.

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