You don't need 4 equations.

Algebra Level 5

Determine d d , given that the real numbers a a , b b , c c , and d d satisfy the equation below.

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 519 = d + 36 10 a + 14 b + 22 c d a^2+b^2+c^2+519=d+36\sqrt{10a+14b+22c-d}


The answer is 66.

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3 solutions

Add and subtract 10 a + 14 b + 22 c 10a+14b+22c to the left side . Then Turn the right side to the left side .

You'll get :- a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 519 + 10 a + 14 b + 22 c 10 a 14 b 22 c d 36 10 a + 14 b + 22 c d = 0 a^2+b^2+c^2+519+10a+14b+22c-10a-14b-22c-d-36\sqrt{10a+14b+22c-d}=0

Complete to perfect squares:- ( a 2 10 a + 25 ) + ( b 2 14 b + 49 ) + ( c 2 22 c + 121 ) + ( ( 10 a + 14 b + 22 c d ) 36 10 a + 14 b + 22 c d + 324 ) = 0 (a^2-10a+25)+(b^2-14b+49)+(c^2-22c+121)+((10a+14b+22c-d)-36\sqrt{10a+14b+22c-d}+324)=0

So , ( a 5 ) 2 + ( b 7 ) 2 + ( c 11 ) 2 + ( 10 a + 14 b + 22 c d 18 ) 2 = 0 (a-5)^2+(b-7)^2+(c-11)^2+( \sqrt{10a+14b+22c-d} -18)^2=0

So we will get that a = 5 , b = 7 , c = 11 a=5,b=7,c=11 and 10 a + 14 b + 22 c d = 18 \sqrt{10a+14b+22c-d}=18 , so 390 d = 1 8 2 = 324 390-d=18^2=324 ,

d = 66 . \boxed{d=66}.

The situation is that of a sphere of radius 195 \sqrt{195} , the diagonal of a 5 × 7 × 11 5\times 7\times 11 box, centered at { 22 15 13 5 , 154 3 65 7 , 242 3 65 11 } \left\{22 \sqrt{\frac{15}{13}}-5,154 \sqrt{\frac{3}{65}}-7,242 \sqrt{\frac{3}{65}}-11\right\} tangent with an infinite plane at { 22 15 13 , 154 3 65 , 242 3 65 } \left\{22 \sqrt{\frac{15}{13}},154 \sqrt{\frac{3}{65}},242 \sqrt{\frac{3}{65}}\right\} . The origin, the sphere's center and the point of tangency are all in a straight line. The normal vector of the infinite plane is parallel to that straight line.

My actual solution was solve a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 519 = 36 10 a + 14 b + 22 c d + d a^2+b^2+c^2+519=36 \sqrt{10 a+14 b+22 c-d}+d for d d getting ± 36 a 2 + 10 a b 2 + 14 b c 2 + 22 c 195 + a 2 + b 2 + c 2 129 \pm36 \sqrt{-a^2+10 a-b^2+14 b-c^2+22 c-195}+a^2+b^2+c^2-129 and minimizing that expression to get { 66 , { a 5 , b 7 , c 11 } } \{66,\{a\to 5,b\to 7,c\to 11\}\} .

It took me longer to reconstruct the original situation.

K T
Jan 13, 2019

Using the functions f ( a , b , c ) = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 519 f(a,b,c)=a^2+b^2+c^2+519 and g ( a , b , c ) = 5 a + 7 b + 11 c g(a,b,c)=5a+7b+11c , the problem writes as f = d + 36 2 g d f=d+36\sqrt{2g-d} , which can easily be rewritten as a quadratic polynomial in d: d 2 + ( 3 6 2 2 f ) d + f 2 3 6 2 ( 2 g ) = 0 d^2+(36^2-2f)d + f^2-36^2(2g)=0 , which has solutions

d = ( 2 f 3 6 2 ) ± ( 3 6 2 2 f ) 2 4 ( f 2 3 6 2 ( 2 g ) ) 2 d=\frac{ (2f-36^2) \pm \sqrt{ (36^2-2f)^2-4( f^2-36^2(2g))} }{2} .

Rework this to d = f 648 ± 36 324 f + 2 g d=f-648 \pm 36\sqrt{324-f+2g} .

Now the problem suggests that we can find a unique value for d, so we are going to assume that the discriminant D = 324 ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 519 ) + 2 ( 5 a + 7 b + 11 c ) D=324-(a^2+b^2+c^2+519)+2(5a+7b+11c) has maximum value 0. Setting the derivatives of this expression with respect to a, b and c to 0 we get a = 5 , b = 7 , c = 11 a=5, b=7, c=11 , so that we find g = 195 g= 195 and f = 714 f=714 . Trying it out we find

D = 324 f + 2 g = 324 714 + 2 × 195 = 0 D = 324-f+2g= 324-714+2×195=0 . The fact that this is indeed 0 justifies our earlier assumption.

Finally, d = 714 648 = 66 d = 714 - 648 = \boxed{66} .

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