You have to be sure

Algebra Level 1

a b = a 2 + b 2 ab = a^2+b^2 It is obvious that a = b = 0 a=b=0 satisfies the equation above. But is there another pair of real numbers ( a , b ) (a,b) satisfying this equation?

Yes No

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37 solutions

Andy Hayes
Dec 5, 2017

Re-write the equation as:

b 2 a b + a 2 = 0 b^2-ab+a^2=0

Now use the quadratic equation to solve for b : b:

b = a ± 3 a 2 2 b=\frac{a \pm \sqrt{-3a^2}}{2}

If a a is a non-zero real number, then 3 a 2 -3a^2 is negative. Therefore, there are no real solutions to the equation other than a = b = 0. a= b=0.

And b = a[1 +/- SQUROOT(-3)]/2 - would this have been helpful. I did it the same way which I'm pleased to say is a good solution. Well done! Most respectfully yours, David

David Fairer - 3 years, 5 months ago

2,0 is a valid solution if both must be non-zero there is no solution

Tom Kohler - 3 years, 5 months ago

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( 2 , 0 ) (2,0) is not a solution.

Andy Hayes - 3 years, 5 months ago

2,0 is invalid because the left side would equal to zero (according to the zero product property) but the right side will equal 4 which cannot be true.

CHIN KEE HAW - 3 years, 5 months ago

You don't have to use the Quadratic Equation. Just use the discriminant portion.

Dennis Rodman - 2 years, 5 months ago
Vinay Koti
Dec 10, 2017

add -2ab on both sides

a^2 + b^2 - 2ab = ab-2ab

That makes (a-b)^2 = - ab

Square of a real number is always positive so there is no other solution than 0

product of a and b can be negative

Ronaljojo Saha - 3 years, 6 months ago

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a*b=a^2+b^2 So it can't be negative.

Kendots . - 3 years, 6 months ago

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Kendots, is right... smart proof...

Niclas Schwalbe - 3 years, 6 months ago

Who said that -ab can't be positive?

Led Tasso - 3 years, 6 months ago

This is half of a solution. You can fix it by adding that 3 a b = ( a + b ) 2 3ab=(a+b)^2 must also be non-negative, and therefore zero.

Peter Byers - 3 years, 5 months ago

Another fix is to note that in the original equation , the rhs is positive, therefore ab must be positive

Matt McNabb - 3 years, 5 months ago

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Except that the RHS may also be zero :)

Wenjin C. - 3 years, 5 months ago

This proof is not valid: -ab can be positive if a and b have opposite signs

Taoufik Mohdit - 3 years, 4 months ago

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ab is non-negative since it is equal to the sum of the squares of two real numbers and the square of a real number is always non-negative. Therefore, the negative of ab is non-positive.

Wenjin C. - 2 years, 11 months ago

We note that a 2 + b 2 0 a^2+b^2 \ge 0 . For the equation to be true a a and b b must be both positive or negative. Since a 2 0 a^2 \ge 0 and b 2 0 b^2 \ge 0 , we can apply AM-GM inequality for a , b > 0 a, b >0 as a 2 + b 2 2 a b a^2+b^2 \ge 2ab . Therefore, for a , b 0 a, b \ne 0 , there is no pair of reals ( a , b ) (a,b) satisfying the equation.

Deviding by a^2 we have new variable x=b/a Resulting equation x^2-x+1=0 has no real solution

Andy Lowry
Dec 14, 2017

Either a a and b b are both positive, or they are both negative, since a 2 + b 2 a^2+b^2 is positive. If they are both negative, then their negations also constitute a solution. So wlog assume a a and b b are both positive.

Since a ( b a ) = b 2 > 0 a(b-a) = b^2 > 0 , we have b > a b > a .

But since b ( a b ) = a 2 > 0 b(a-b) = a^2 > 0 , we also have a > b a > b .

Hence no such solution exists.

Jason Dyer Staff
Dec 13, 2017

Suppose the equation is true in the case where neither a a nor b b is zero. If and only if there is a solution for positive values a a and b b then is a solution for a -a and b , -b , so we only need to consider the case where both are positive.

Consider the right triangle with sides a a and b b and hypotenuse c . c. Then a 2 + b 2 = c 2 . a^2 + b^2 = c^2. Because the hypotenuse is longer than the legs of a right triangle, a < c a < c and b < c . b < c . So a b < c 2 ab < c^2 and therefore a b < a 2 + b 2 , ab < a^2 + b^2 , yet we assumed a b = a 2 + b 2 , ab = a^2 + b^2 , so we have a contradiction.

Stefan Scriba
Dec 11, 2017

By dividing by ab on both sides, we can rewrite to a b + b a = 1 \frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a} =1

But, both a and b must both either be positive or negative and a b < 1 \frac{a}{b} <1 so that the sum of both fractions does not exceed 1. However, this automatically means that b a > 1 \frac{b}{a} >1 . It is therefore impossible to make the sum less than 1.

Md Zuhair
Nov 26, 2017

Other than a = b = 0 a=b=0 , there isnt any other solution as

a b = a 2 + b 2 ab=a^2+b^2

1 = a b + b a \implies 1=\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}

Now by AM-GM we have

a b + b a 2 \dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a} \geq 2

So there arent any other possible solutions

AM-GM inequality is only applicable for non-negative real numbers. What happens if either a a or b b is negative?

Andrew Hayes Staff - 3 years, 6 months ago
Caroline Lin
Dec 12, 2017

Rewrite the equation as a 2 a b + b 2 = 0 a^2 - ab + b^2 = 0 . Now complete the square: ( a 2 a b + ( 1 2 b ) 2 ) ( 1 2 b ) 2 + b 2 = 0 \left( a^2 -ab + (\frac{1}{2}b)^2 \right) - (\frac{1}{2}b)^2 + b^2 = 0 , so ( a 1 2 b ) 2 + 3 4 b 2 = 0. (a - \frac{1}{2}b)^2 + \frac{3}{4}b^2 = 0. Since both terms on the left-hand side are squared, they are non-negative, so the values inside the squares must be equal to zero for equality to hold. This is true only when a = 1 2 b a = \frac{1}{2}b and b = 0 b = 0 , so (0,0) is the only solution.

Adding 2 a b 2ab to both sides, we get:

a 2 + 2 a b + b 2 = ( a + b ) 2 = 3 a b a^2 + 2ab + b^2 = (a+b)^2 = 3ab

Subtracting 2 a b 2ab from both sides, we get:

a 2 2 a b + b 2 = ( a b ) 2 = a b a^2 - 2ab + b^2 = (a-b)^2 = -ab

From this, we have that:

( a + b ) 2 = 3 ( a b ) 2 ( a + b ) 2 + 3 ( a b ) 2 = 0 (a+b)^2 = -3(a-b)^2 \\ (a+b)^2 + 3(a-b)^2 = 0

Which holds true only if both a + b = 0 a + b = 0 and a b = 0 a - b = 0 . Solving the system, we find that ( a , b ) = ( 0 , 0 ) (a,b) = (0,0) is the only solution.

Santu Paul
Mar 16, 2019

We have

a b = a 2 + b 2 ab = a^2 + b^2

2 a b = 2 ( a 2 + b 2 ) \Rightarrow 2ab = 2(a^2 + b^2)

a 2 + b 2 + ( a b ) 2 = 0 \Rightarrow a^2 + b^2 + (a-b)^2 = 0

Since a and b are real. Therefore a = b = 0 a = b = 0 by trivial inequality.

Romone King
Dec 15, 2017

Using the equation given: ab=a^2+b^2 A=b=0

There is no indication of a negative possibility based on the equation. Shouldn't 1 be a possible real number.

Christopher Brull
Dec 15, 2017

For any real a a and b b the sum a 2 + b 2 0 a^2 + b^2 \ge 0 which implies the product a b 0 ab \ge 0 . Therefore a a and b b must have like signs.

Without loss of generality, let b a > 0 b \ge a > 0 which implies b 2 a b b^2 \ge ab . Substitute b 2 = a b a 2 b^2 = ab - a^2 to give a b a 2 a b ab - a^2 \ge ab which simplifies to 0 a 2 0 \ge a^2 . No such a > 0 a > 0 exists therefore no pairs of real numbers ( a , b ) (a,b) satisfy the equation other than a = b = 0 a = b = 0 .

Mustafa Alelg
Dec 15, 2017

We can re-write the equation as the following:

a 2 + b 2 = a b a 2 a b + b 2 = 0 a^2+b^2=ab \Leftrightarrow a^2 -ab +b^2=0

And by multiplying both sides by a + b a+b we get: ( a + b ) ( a 2 a b + b 2 ) = 0 a 3 b 3 = 0 a = b (a+b)(a^2 -ab +b^2)=0 \Rightarrow a^3-b^3=0 \Rightarrow a=b .

Hence, there's no other solutions other that a=b=0.

Rocco Dalto
Dec 14, 2017

if b 0 b \neq 0 then a b = a 2 + b 2 a 2 a b + b 2 = 0 a = b ( 1 2 ± 3 2 i ) C . ab = a^2+b^2 \implies a^2 - ab + b^2 = 0 \implies a = b(\dfrac{1}{2} \pm \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}i) \in \mathbb{C}.

( a , b ) = ( 0 , 0 ) \therefore (a,b) = (0,0) is the only pair of real numbers that satisfies the above equation.

If there is an other pair , then a^2+b^2= ab>0

a^2+b^2+ab =ab+ab= 2ab

a^2+b^2-2ab = -ab

(a-b)^2= -ab

-ab<0

Contradiction

There is no pair of real number( non =0) satisfying this equation.

Roman Bykov
Dec 14, 2017

Suppose that a and b are sides of the right triangle, then ab would be squared hypothenuse. There cannot be such triangle because: Sine (cosine) would be a/sqrt(ab) or b/sqrt(ab), i.e. sqrt(a) or sqrt(b). So these square roots must be less or equal to 1. But these cannot be 1 because 1^2 + 1^2 is bigger than 1*1. So these must be less than 1. But product of any two numbers between 0 and 1 is always less than sum of their squares.

Victor Dumbrava
Dec 14, 2017

Case 1 a = b , a b = a 2 + b 2 a 2 = 2 a 2 ( False ) ( ) a R a=b,\space ab=a^2+b^2\implies a^2=2a^2\space(\text{False})\space(\forall)a\in\Bbb{R}^{*} Case 2 a b (let’s say b > a), a b = a 2 + b 2 , but a b < b 2 a b < a 2 + b 2 a\ne b\text{ (let's say b > a), } ab=a^2+b^2, \text{ but } ab<b^2\implies ab<a^2+b^2

Hence, this doesn't hold for any non-null values of a and b .

Benjamin Ecsedy
Dec 14, 2017

We have the equation a b = a 2 + b 2 ab = a^{2} +b^{2}

We know that ( a + b ) 2 = a 2 + 2 a b + b 2 (a+b)^{2} = a^{2}+2ab+b^{2} .

We can rewrite our original equation as a b = ( a + b ) 2 + 2 a b ab = (a+b)^{2}+2ab

Subtracting 2 a b 2ab from both sides gives a b = ( a + b ) 2 -ab = (a+b)^{2}

Square rooting both sides gives a + b \sqrt{a+b} = a b \sqrt{-ab}

Since a b \sqrt{-ab} isn't real, we can conclude that a + b \sqrt{a+b} isn't real either and that the correct answer is that a a and b b cannot be real unless a = b = 0 a = b = 0 .

Gregory Lewis
Dec 14, 2017

Because of symmetry, we can assume a has at least as high of a magnitude as b . Now, assume that b is not zero. Then a^2 + b^2 > a^2 >= ab, so that assumption fails, meaning that b is zero. Because of symmetry, a is also zero.

Smeeburp Vomits
Dec 14, 2017

Find ab = a^2 + b^2 for at least one of a and b not= 0.
Rewrite ab = a^2 + b^2 as ab = (aa + bb).
At least one of aa and bb is non-zero. Neither aa nor bb is negative. Therefore for the equation to be true ab must also be positive.
If a = b, then ab = aa, and ab = bb. Therefore ab = ab + ab. Contradiction.
Let a not= b. Then either 0 < ab < aa, or 0 < ab < bb. Therefore aa + bb > ab. Contradiction.
Therefore the equation cannot be true if either a or b not= 0




If a=b We have b²=2b² wich is impossible If a<b We have ab<b² si ab<a²+b² wich is impossible

Therefore there is a contradiction in every case

Desmond Campbell
Dec 13, 2017

A graphical solution. Imagine an a x b rectangle, an a x a square, and a b x b square. The two squares are placed next to same length sides of the rectangle. It's clear the rectangle area is greater than that of the smaller square and smaller than that of the larger square.

Steven Davis
Dec 13, 2017

Assume without loss of generality that a 0 a \ne 0 . If b = 0 b = 0 , then we have a 2 = 0 a^2 = 0 , which implies a = 0 a = 0 , so by contradiction, b 0 b \ne 0 .

For real, nonzero a a and b b , there is a unique value x x such that b = a x b = ax . Substituting a x ax for b b gives us a 2 x = a 2 + a 2 x 2 a^2 x = a^2 + a^2 x^2 . Dividing by a 2 a^2 , we get x = 1 + x 2 x = 1 + x^2 or x 2 x + 1 = 0 x^2 - x + 1=0 .

This quadratic has discriminant 3 -3 , which means x x is a complex number. Because a 0 a \ne 0 , b = a x b = ax must also be complex, which contradicts our assumption that b b is real. QED.

Luca Cremaschi
Dec 13, 2017

If we put:

p = a + b

q = a - b

then we have:

a = p + q

b = p - q

The equation:

a 2 + b 2 a b = 0 a^2 + b^2 - ab = 0

becomes

p 2 + 3 q 2 = 0 p^2 + 3q^2 = 0

that, in R, it is true if and only if

p=0; q=0

so the only solution of the initial equation is:

a=0; b=0

Đức Minh Lê
Dec 13, 2017

We rewrite the equation as:

a 2 a b + b 2 = 0 a^{2} -ab + b^{2} =0 .

If a + b = 0 a+b=0 , the equation become 3 b 2 = 0 3b^{2}=0 , or a = b = 0 a=b=0 , which is the given solution.

If not, then multiply both sides by a + b a+b to get ( a + b ) ( a 2 a b + b 2 ) = 0 (a+b)(a^{2}-ab+b^{2})=0 , which is the same as a 3 + b 3 = 0 a^{3}+b{3}=0 and a + b = 0 a+b=0 , contradiction.

Thus, the only solution is ( x , y ) = ( 0 , 0 ) (x,y)=(0,0) .

Tim Friedrich
Dec 12, 2017

a^2+b^2=c^2

ab represents the area of a rectangle with side a and b

c represents the diagonal within that shape

The question is therefore, can the area of a rectangle be equal to the area formed by squaring the diagonal line? No

Robert Creamer
Dec 12, 2017

Easy it is symmetrical in a & b. So any solution for a is also a solution for b. so a=b so it reduces to solve a^2 = 2a^2 and thus a=b=0 only

a b = a 2 + b 2 ( a b ) 2 = a b . ab = a^2 + b^2 \Rightarrow (a - b)^2 = -ab. Thus a or b must be negative, contradicting the first equation.

"a or b must be negative," but not both of course.

Stephen Beck - 3 years, 6 months ago
Sachin Rawat
Dec 11, 2017

The equation can be rewritten as: b(a - b) = a^2

Since squares are always positive, a-b must be positive and hence a > b. But, if a - b > a; b should be greater than a to get the same result (a^2). This is contradictory and, thus, no solutions exist.

Sam Moss
Dec 11, 2017

Ab = a^2 + b^2 Ab-A^2 = b^2 A-A^2/B = b 1-A/B = 1 Clearly A/B must be zero, and therefore A or B = 0. Therefore ab = 0, and a^2 + b^2 = 0. As square, real numbers must be positive, A^2 + B^2 must = 0 and so A and B must both be zero.

Hashir Mohamed
Dec 11, 2017

Let a b = a 2 + b 2 ; a , b 0 ab=a^2+b^2; a,b\neq 0 .

Case 1: a = b a=b

a b = a 2 + b 2 a 2 = 2 a 2 a = 0 ab=a^2+b^2 \implies a^2=2a^2 \implies a= 0 .

This is a contradiction.

Case 2: a > b a>b

Since a 2 + b 2 > 0 , a b = a 2 + b 2 a^2+b^2>0, ab=a^2+b^2 iff a , b > 0 a,b>0 or a , b < 0 a,b<0 .

(i) If a , b > 0 a, b>0 ,

a > b a 2 > a b a 2 + b 2 > a b a>b\implies a^2>ab \implies a^2+b^2>ab .

This is a contradiction.

(ii) If a , b < 0 a,b<0 ,

a > b a b < b 2 a b < a 2 + b 2 a>b\implies ab<b^2 \implies ab<a^2+b^2 .

This is again a contradiction.

Case 3: a < b a<b

We will obtain contradictions in a similar manner as Case 2.

Therefore, there is no solution other than x , y = 0 x,y=0

Renz Sibal
Dec 11, 2017

Consider a , b 0 a, b \neq 0

We have a 2 + b 2 = a b a^2 + b^2 = ab

Dividing both sides by a b ab , we get

a 2 + b 2 a b = a b a b \frac{a^2 + b^2}{ab} = \frac{ab}{ab}

a 2 a b + b 2 a b = 1 \frac{a^2}{ab} + \frac{b^2}{ab} = 1

1 b \frac{1}{b} + 1 a = 1 \frac{1}{a} =1

(Take note that this is valid, for a , b 0 a, b \neq 0 , so a b 0 ab \neq 0 )

Now, think of two distinct unit fractions (fractions whose numerator is 1), that, when added up, equals exactly 1. When you think about it, there is absolutely no such solution.

Is there any other solution to a 2 + b 2 = a b a^2 + b^2 = ab aside from a , b = 0 a, b = 0 ? The answer is n o . \boxed{no.}

Peter Macgregor
Dec 11, 2017

Assuming that a b 0 ab \neq 0 we can start looking for other solutions by dividing by a b ab to get

1 = a b + b a 1=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}

or (setting a b = x \frac{a}{b}=x )

1 = x + 1 x 1=x+\frac{1}{x}

Clearly x x must be positive - but there is no solution to this equation in the positive reals because the RHS is always greater than one.

To see this simply note that if one of the terms on the RHS is less than one, the other one must be greater than one!

Hence there are n o \boxed{no} further solutions to the problem.

Atul Kumar Ashish
Dec 11, 2017

A different solution. Let, b = k a b=ka , where k k is a real number. Then, a 2 + b 2 = a b a^2+b^2=ab ( k 2 + 1 ) a 2 = k a 2 (k^2+1)a^2=ka^2 k 2 k + 1 = 0 since a 0 \begin{aligned} k^2-k+1=0 &&\small \text{since } a≠0\end{aligned} So, we see that there is no solution of above equation. Therefore, the first equation is not valid for a 0 a≠0 .

Divide both sides by ab, since both a and b are different from 0. Let x:=a/b. Then x+(1/x)=1. So x^2-x+1=0. The discriminant is Delta=1-4=-3, which means there are no real solutions to this equation.

Russell Hart
Dec 10, 2017

Rewrite the equation as a 2 a b + b 2 = 0 a^2-ab+b^2=0

By completing the square, we can rewrite this equation as

a 2 a b + b 2 / 4 + 3 b 2 / 4 = 0 ( a b / 2 ) 2 + 3 b 2 / 4 = 0 a^2-ab+b^2/4+3b^2/4=0\\(a-b/2)^2+3b^2/4=0

Since squares of real numbers are always non-negative we must have b = 0 b = 0 and a b / 2 = 0 a-b/2 = 0 which implies a = 0 a=0 as well. a = 0 a=0 and b = 0 b=0 is the only pair that satisfies these conditions.

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