The of M solution of in water is at at 25 degrees Celcius is:
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When dilutions are made on aqueous solutions of acids or bases, at some point the effect of the self-dissociation of water comes into play.
2 H X 2 O ( l ) H X 3 O X + ( a q ) + O H X − ( a q )
The amount of [ H X 3 O X + ] from the dissociation of water will vary depending on the concentration of the solution, so the equilibrium expression for this dissociation must be used.
[ H X 3 O X + ] [ O H X − ] = 1 . 0 0 × 1 0 − 1 4
If x is the amount of H X 3 O X + (and of O H X − ) from the dissociation of water, the total concentration of the H X 3 O X + in the solution will be this amount plus the amount from the added acid which is 1 . 0 0 × 1 0 − 8 M :
[ H X 3 O X + ] = x + 1 . 0 0 × 1 0 − 8 M
Therefore, [ H X 3 O X + ] [ O H X − ] ( x + 1 0 − 8 ) x x 2 + 1 0 − 8 x − 1 0 − 1 4 ⇒ x = 1 . 0 0 × 1 0 − 1 4 = 1 0 − 1 4 = 0 = 9 . 5 1 2 × 1 0 − 8
And we have:
[ H X 3 O X + ] = x + 1 . 0 0 × 1 0 − 8 = 9 . 5 1 2 × 1 0 − 8 + 1 . 0 0 × 1 0 − 8 = 1 . 0 5 1 2 × 1 0 − 7 = pH 6 . 9 8
Therefore, the p H of 1 0 − 8 M solution of H C l in water is at 2 5 ∘ C is between 6 and 7 .
For more information, read Very Dilute Strong Acids and Bases .