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Geometry Level 3

In A B C \triangle ABC , A = 6 0 \angle A=60^\circ .

P P is a point in A B C \triangle ABC that P A + P B + P C \overline{PA}+\overline{PB}+\overline{PC} is minimized.

We knew that P B = 9 , P C = 16 \overline{PB}=9,\overline{PC}=16 , then what is P A ? \overline{PA}?


The answer is 12.

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2 solutions

David Vreken
Dec 7, 2018

For P A + P B + P C PA + PB + PC to be minimized, P P is a Fermat point . Since A = 60 ° \angle A = 60° and the angle sum of a triangle is 180 ° 180° , B \angle B and C \angle C are not 120 ° \geq 120° , so by the properties of a Fermat point A P B = B P C = A P C = 120 ° \angle APB = \angle BPC = \angle APC = 120° .

Let x = P C A x = \angle PCA . Then by the angle sum of A C P \triangle ACP , P A C + x + 120 ° = 180 ° \angle PAC + x + 120° = 180° , so P A C = 60 ° x \angle PAC = 60° - x .

Since P A C = 60 ° x \angle PAC = 60° - x and B A C = 60 ° \angle BAC = 60° , B A P = x \angle BAP = x .

Therefore, A P C B P A \triangle APC \sim \triangle BPA by AA similarity, so P C P A = P A P B \frac{PC}{PA} = \frac{PA}{PB} , or 16 P A = P A 9 \frac{16}{PA} = \frac{PA}{9} , which solves to P A = 12 PA = \boxed{12} .

Rohan Shinde
Dec 3, 2018

The point you are looking for is the Fermat's Point. Hence using it's properties along with the law of cosines in the four triangles P A B , P B C , P A C PAB, PBC, PAC and A B C ABC we get the answer as P A = 12 PA=12

Actually, some of the triangles are similar, so you don't have to use trigonometry.

X X - 2 years, 6 months ago

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Hi, can you help me with this please: Exam question

Syed Hamza Khalid - 1 year, 4 months ago

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