Find the last four digits of 2 2 0 1 8 + 1 5 × 2 2 0 1 4 + 2 2 0 1 2 + 2 3 + 2 2 + 2 1 + 2 0 .
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It suffices to think about 2 2 0 1 4 ... the other summands can then be dealt with easily. We will first work modulo 625, keeping in mind that ϕ ( 6 2 5 ) = 5 0 0 . Now 2 2 0 1 2 = 2 5 0 0 × 4 + 1 2 ≡ 2 1 2 = 4 0 9 6 ( m o d 6 2 5 ) Since everything is divisible by 2 4 = 1 6 , the above congruency is also valid mod 10000. Multiplying with 2 a few times (and once with 15), we find that 2 2 0 1 8 ≡ 2 1 4 4 and 1 5 × 2 2 0 1 4 ≡ 5 7 6 0 ( m o d 1 0 0 0 0 ) , and the whole expression is congruent to 2 0 1 5 ( m o d 1 0 0 0 0 ) ... and we do indeed know that our result is right.
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2 2 0 1 8 + 1 5 × 2 2 0 1 4 + 2 2 0 1 2 + 2 3 + 2 2 + 2 1 + 2 0 = 2 6 × 2 2 0 1 2 + 1 5 × 2 2 × 2 2 0 1 2 + 2 2 0 1 2 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 6 4 × 2 2 0 1 2 + 6 0 × 2 2 0 1 2 + 2 2 0 1 2 + 1 5 = ( 6 4 + 6 0 + 1 ) × 2 3 t i m e s 2 2 0 0 9 + 1 5 = 1 2 5 × 8 × 2 2 0 0 9 + 1 5 = 1 0 0 0 × 2 [ 2 0 0 9 ] + 1 5 Disregarding the + 1 5 , we realize that the last 3 digits will all be 0 0 0 . However, for the thousands column, we need to find the last digit of 2 2 0 0 9 . We realize that there is a pattern for the final digit, as 2 1 = 2 , 2 2 = 4 , 2 3 = 8 , 2 4 = 1 6 , 2 5 = 3 2 Meaning that there is a pattern which goes 2, 4, 8, and 6. 2 0 0 9 / 4 = 5 0 2 R 1 Meaning that 2 2 0 0 9 Ends in 2 . 2 × 1 0 0 0 + 1 5 = 2 0 1 5