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Number Theory Level pending

Find the last four digits of 2 2018 + 15 × 2 2014 + 2 2012 + 2 3 + 2 2 + 2 1 + 2 0 2^{2018} + 15 \times 2^{2014} + 2^{2012} + 2^{3} + 2^{2} + 2^{1} +2^{0} .


The answer is 2015.

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2 solutions

Kevin Li
May 9, 2015

2 2018 + 15 × 2 2014 + 2 2012 + 2 3 + 2 2 + 2 1 + 2 0 2^{2018} + 15 \times 2^{2014} + 2^{2012} + 2^{3} + 2^{2} + 2^{1} +2^{0} = 2 6 × 2 2012 + 15 × 2 2 × 2 2012 + 2 2012 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 2^{6} \times 2^{2012} + 15 \times 2^{2} \times 2^{2012} + 2^{2012} + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 64 × 2 2012 + 60 × 2 2012 + 2 2012 + 15 64 \times 2^{2012} + 60 \times 2^{2012} + 2^{2012} + 15 = ( 64 + 60 + 1 ) × 2 3 t i m e s 2 2009 + 15 (64 + 60 + 1) \times 2^{3} \ times 2^{2009} + 15 = 125 × 8 × 2 2009 + 15 125 \times 8 \times 2^{2009} + 15 = 1000 × 2 [ 2009 ] + 15 1000 \times 2^[2009] + 15 Disregarding the + 15 + 15 , we realize that the last 3 digits will all be 000 000 . However, for the thousands column, we need to find the last digit of 2 2009 2^{2009} . We realize that there is a pattern for the final digit, as 2 1 = 2 2^{1} = 2 , 2 2 = 4 2^{2} = 4 , 2 3 = 8 2^{3} = 8 , 2 4 = 16 2^{4} = 16 , 2 5 = 32 2^{5} = 32 Meaning that there is a pattern which goes 2, 4, 8, and 6. 2009 / 4 = 502 R 1 2009/4 = 502R1 Meaning that 2 2009 2^{2009} Ends in 2 2 . 2 × 1000 + 15 2 \times 1000 + 15 = 2015 2015

Otto Bretscher
May 9, 2015

It suffices to think about 2 2014 2^{2014} ... the other summands can then be dealt with easily. We will first work modulo 625, keeping in mind that ϕ ( 625 ) = 500. \phi(625)=500. Now 2 2012 = 2 500 × 4 + 12 2 12 = 4096 ( m o d 625 ) 2^{2012}=2^{500\times4+12}\equiv{2^{12}}=4096 \pmod{625} Since everything is divisible by 2 4 = 16 2^4=16 , the above congruency is also valid mod 10000. Multiplying with 2 a few times (and once with 15), we find that 2 2018 2144 2^{2018}\equiv2144 and 15 × 2 2014 5760 ( m o d 10000 ) 15\times2^{2014}\equiv5760\pmod{10000} , and the whole expression is congruent to 2015 ( m o d 10000 ) \boxed{2015}\pmod{10000} ... and we do indeed know that our result is right.

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