You'd better keep a log of that

Algebra Level 3

Let a n a_n be a geometric sequence such that a 1 = k a_1 = k .

You are also told that n = 1 2018 log k ( a n ) = 4072324 \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{2018} \log_k(a_n) = 4072324

What is the value, in terms of k k , of a 2019 a 2017 \dfrac{a_{2019}}{a_{2017}} ?

log 4 k \log_4k log 2 k \log_2k 2 k 2k log k 2 \log_k2 k 4 k^4 k 2 k^2 k k 4 k 4k

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1 solution

Stephen Mellor
May 25, 2018

Let the ratio between consecutive terms of the geometric sequence be d d such that a 1 = k a_1 = k , a 2 = k d a_2 = kd , a 3 = k d 2 a_3 = kd^2 etc.

n = 1 2018 log k ( a n ) = 4072324 \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{2018} \log_k(a_n) = 4072324 log k ( a 1 ) + log k ( a 2 ) + log k ( a 3 ) + . . . + log k ( a 2018 ) = 4072324 \log_k(a_1) + \log_k(a_2) + \log_k(a_3) + ... + \log_k(a_{2018}) = 4072324 log k ( k ) + log k ( k d ) + log k ( k d 2 ) + . . . + log k ( k d 2017 ) = 4072324 \log_k(k) + \log_k(kd) + \log_k(kd^2) + ... + \log_k(kd^{2017}) = 4072324 Now using the addition/multiplication law for logs: log k ( k × k d × k d 2 × . . . × k d 2017 ) = 4072324 \log_k(k \times kd \times kd^2 \times ... \times kd^{2017}) = 4072324 log k ( k 2018 × d 2017 × 2018 2 ) = 4072324 \log_k(k^{2018} \times d^{\frac{2017 \times 2018}{2}}) = 4072324 log k ( k 2018 × d 2035153 ) = 4072324 \log_k(k^{2018} \times d^{2035153}) = 4072324 Again using the addition/multiplication law for logs: log k ( k 2018 ) + log k ( d 2035153 ) = 4072324 \log_k(k^{2018}) + \log_k(d^{2035153}) = 4072324 2018 + log k ( d 2035153 ) = 4072324 2018 + \log_k(d^{2035153}) = 4072324 log k ( d 2035153 ) = 4070306 \log_k(d^{2035153}) = 4070306 2035153 log k ( d ) = 4070306 2035153\log_k(d) = 4070306 log k ( d ) = 2 \log_k(d) = 2 d = k 2 d = k^2

As a 2019 a 2017 \dfrac{a_{2019}}{a_{2017}} is the ratio between terms which are two apart, it is d 2 d^2 , making it k 4 \boxed{k^4} .

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