Note: Do not use a calculator.
Source: This is the problem proposed by Vasile Mircea Popa in Romanian Mathematical Magazine.
For more problems you may wish to visit my set RMM .
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My approach A complete trigonometrical approach
We have ζ = csc 1 4 π − 4 cos 7 2 π Note that csc 1 4 π = sin ( 1 4 π ) − 1 also notice that sin 1 4 π = cos 7 3 π Thus, above expression can be expressed as ζ = sin 1 4 π 1 − 4 cos 7 2 π = cos 7 2 π 1 ( 1 − 4 cos 7 2 π ⋅ cos 7 3 π ) Recall that cos 7 π ⋅ cos 7 2 π ⋅ cos 7 3 π = 8 1 Plugging back the above expression we have ζ = 4 cos 7 2 π ( 2 cos 7 π − 1 ) = 2 4 = 2
Proof of the identity: Set ζ 0 = cos 7 2 π ( 2 cos 2 π − 1 ) = 2 sin 7 2 π sin 7 4 π ( 2 cos 2 π − 1 ) = 2 sin 7 2 π 1 ( sin 7 5 π + sin 7 3 π − sin 7 4 π ) = 2 sin 7 2 π 1 ( sin 7 5 π − 2 cos 2 ⋅ 7 7 π ⋅ sin 7 π ) = 2 sin 7 2 π sin 7 5 π = 2 sin 7 2 π sin ( π − 7 2 π ) = 2 1 ⎝ ⎜ ⎛ sin 7 2 π sin 7 2 π ⎠ ⎟ ⎞ = 2 1