Zero and n

Algebra Level 3

Consider a polynomial f ( x ) = x 2 + 4 x + 21 f(x)=x^2+4x+21

If a a is one of it's roots, then what is the value of n n if a 4 a 3 + a 2 = n a a^4-a^3+a^2=n a ?


The answer is 105.

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4 solutions

Richard Desper
May 20, 2020

Different path, same result:

Notice a 2 = 4 a 21 a^2 = -4a -21 and a 3 = 4 a 2 21 a a^3 = -4a^2 -21a , and a 4 = 4 a 3 21 a 2 a^4 = -4a^3 - 21a^2

Let E = a 4 a 3 + a 2 E = a^4 - a^3 + a^2 , the expression in question.

Substitute for a 4 = 4 a 3 21 a 2 a^4 = -4a^3 - 21a^2 and get E = 4 a 3 a 3 21 a 2 + a 2 = 5 a 3 20 a 2 = 5 a ( a 2 + 4 a ) E = -4a^3 - a^3 - 21a^2 + a^2 = -5a^3 - 20 a^2 = -5a(a^2+4a)

Now substitute 21 = a 2 + 4 a -21 = a^2 + 4a to get E = ( 5 a ) ( 21 ) = 105 a E = (-5a)(-21) = 105a

Chew-Seong Cheong
May 20, 2020

Since f ( a ) = 0 f(a) = 0 , a 2 + 4 a + 21 = 0 \implies \red{a^2 + 4a + 21 = 0} . Then we have:

a 4 a 3 + a 2 = a 2 ( a 2 a + 1 ) = a 2 ( a 2 + 4 a + 21 0 5 a 20 ) = 5 a 2 ( a + 4 ) = 5 a ( a 2 + 4 a ) = 5 a ( a 2 + 4 a + 21 0 21 ) = 105 a \begin{aligned} a^4-a^3 + a^2 & = a^2(a^2-a+1) \\ & = a^2(\red{\cancel{a^2+4a+21}^0}-5a-20) \\ & = - 5a^2(a+4) \\ & = - 5a(a^2+4a) \\ & = -5a(\red{\cancel{a^2+4a+21}^0} - 21) \\ & = \boxed{105}a \end{aligned}

Nice explanation! Got to know a new method

Mahdi Raza - 1 year ago

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Glad that you like it.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 1 year ago

Since a a is a root of the equation x 2 + 4 x + 21 = 0 x^2+4x+21=0 , therefore

a 2 + 4 a + 21 = 0 a 2 a + 1 = 5 ( a + 1 ) a 4 a 3 + a 2 = a 2 ( a 2 a + 1 ) = 5 a 2 ( a + 1 ) = 5 a ( a 2 + 4 a ) = 5 a ( 21 ) = 105 a = n a a^2+4a+21=0\implies a^2-a+1=-5(a+1)\implies a^4-a^3+a^2=a^2(a^2-a+1)=-5a^2(a+1)=-5a(a^2+4a)=-5a(-21)=105a=na .

So n = 105 n=\boxed {105} .

Zakir Husain
May 20, 2020

As a a is it's root therefore, f ( a ) = 0 f(a)=0

a 2 + 4 a + 21 = 0 a^2+4a+21=0

a 2 = ( 4 a + 21 ) \boxed{a^2=-(4a+21)}

Multiplying both sides by a a

a 3 = ( 4 a 2 + 21 a ) a^3=-(4a^2+21a)

a 3 = ( 4 ( 4 a + 21 ) + 21 a ) = ( 16 a + 21 a 84 ) a^3=-(-4(4a+21)+21a)=-(-16a+21a-84)

a 3 = 84 5 a \boxed{a^3=84-5a}

Multiplying both sides by a a

a 4 = 84 a 5 a 2 = 84 a + 5 ( 4 a + 21 ) = 84 a + 20 a + 105 a^4=84a-5a^2=84a+5(4a+21)=84a+20a+105

a 4 = 104 a + 105 \boxed{a^4=104a+105}

Using these values of a 2 , a 3 a^2, a^3 and a 4 a^4

a 4 a 3 + a 2 = 104 a + 105 + 5 a 84 4 a 21 = 105 a a^4-a^3+a^2=104a+105+5a-84-4a-21=\boxed{105a}

Therefore the answer is 105 105

Best explains what I did, upvoted!

Mahdi Raza - 1 year ago

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