Determine the least possible value of the natural number such that ends in exactly 1987 zeroes.
Courtesy: IMO 1987
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According to Legendre 's formula :
⌊ x / 5 ⌋ + ⌊ x / 5 2 ⌋ + ⌊ x / 5 3 ⌋ + . . . ∞ = 1 9 8 7
Suppose we treat this temporarily as a geometric progression by removing the GIF sign.Then using infinite formula we get x ( 1 − 5 1 5 1 ) = 1 9 8 7 thus x ≈ 7 9 4 8 . However putting this in actual formula we find that answer comes 1 9 8 3 and we are off by 4 zeroes.
If we induce some small changes in value of x this will only change the first and second term that is ⌊ x / 5 ⌋ and ⌊ x / 5 2 ⌋ will change.
By Trial and error slowly increasing value of x from 7 9 4 8 to 7 9 5 0 to 7 9 5 5 to 7 9 6 0 we find we get 3 extra zeroes from first term and one extra zero from second term thus total we have obtained our 4 needed zeroes.