Algebra (Thailand Math POSN 3rd round)

Write a full solution.

Let $P(x),Q(x)$ be real polynomials (real coefficients) with leading coefficient $1$ or $-1$ such that $deg(P(x)) > deg(Q(x))$ , find the number of solutions $(P(x),Q(x))$ to $P(x)^{2}+Q(x)^{2} = x^{8}+1$ . If possible, find each forms of solution.
Let $f(x) = \displaystyle \left(\frac{x^{5}}{5} + \frac{x^{4}}{2} + \frac{x^{3}}{3} - \frac{1}{30}\right) - \left\lfloor \frac{x^{5}}{5} + \frac{x^{4}}{2} + \frac{x^{3}}{3} - \frac{1}{30}\right\rfloor$ . Find all possible values of $f(n)$ where $n$ is a positive integer. (Where $\lfloor x \rfloor$ is a floor function, and defined to be $\lfloor x \rfloor \leq x < \lfloor x \rfloor +1$ )
Find all real polynomials $P(x)$ that satisfy $P(a-b)+P(b-c)+P(c-a) = 2P(a+b+c)$ for all reals $a,b,c$ that satisfy $ab+bc+ca = 0$ .

This note is part of Thailand Math POSN 3rd round 2015

#Algebra

This discussion board is a place to discuss our Daily Challenges and the math and science related to those challenges. Explanations are more than just a solution — they should explain the steps and thinking strategies that you used to obtain the solution. Comments should further the discussion of math and science.

When posting on Brilliant:

Use the emojis to react to an explanation, whether you're congratulating a job well done , or just really confused .
Ask specific questions about the challenge or the steps in somebody's explanation. Well-posed questions can add a lot to the discussion, but posting "I don't understand!" doesn't help anyone.
Try to contribute something new to the discussion, whether it is an extension, generalization or other idea related to the challenge.
Stay on topic — we're all here to learn more about math and science, not to hear about your favorite get-rich-quick scheme or current world events.

Markdown	Appears as
`italics` or `_italics_`	italics
`bold` or `__bold__`	bold
- bulleted - list	bulleted list
1. numbered 2. list	numbered list
Note: you must add a full line of space before and after lists for them to show up correctly
paragraph 1 paragraph 2	paragraph 1 paragraph 2
`[example link](https://brilliant.org)`	example link
`> This is a quote`	This is a quote
# I indented these lines # 4 spaces, and now they show # up as a code block. print "hello world"	# I indented these lines # 4 spaces, and now they show # up as a code block. print "hello world"

Math	Appears as
Remember to wrap math in `$` ... `$` or `\[` ... `\]` to ensure proper formatting.
`2 \times 3`	$2 \times 3$
`2^{34}`	$2^{34}$
`a_{i-1}`	$a_{i-1}$
`\frac{2}{3}`	$\frac{2}{3}$
`\sqrt{2}`	$\sqrt{2}$
`\sum_{i=1}^3`	$\sum_{i=1}^3$
`\sin \theta`	$\sin \theta$
`\boxed{123}`	$\boxed{123}$

Comments

ooooh, I like question 3 :) I tend to have a soft spot for such functional equations.

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 2 months ago

Sir try This and this $\ddot\smile$

Parth Lohomi - 6 years, 1 month ago

Math	Appears as
Remember to wrap math in `\(` ... `\)` or `\[` ... `\]` to ensure proper formatting.
`2 \times 3`	$2 \times 3$
`2^{34}`	$2^{34}$
`a_{i-1}`	$a_{i-1}$
`\frac{2}{3}`	$\frac{2}{3}$
`\sqrt{2}`	$\sqrt{2}$
`\sum_{i=1}^3`	$\sum_{i=1}^3$
`\sin \theta`	$\sin \theta$
`\boxed{123}`	$\boxed{123}$