Angle problem!

Please,im dying to know the solution of this problem .Can someone please provide one ,only using elementary geometry if possible,if not then use trig. In the equilateral triangle $ABC$ inside angle $A$ but outside the triangle is given a point M, such that $AMC=30$ and $AMB=40$ .Find the angles of triangle $BMC$ .Please try to solve it .

Easy Math Editor

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Comments

Thank you all,Very much !

lawrence Bush - 6 years, 2 months ago

I'm finding it tricky to solve this using just elementary geometry. but using a mess of trig I'm finding that one solution seems to be $\angle BCM = 70^{\circ}$ and $\angle CBM = 40^{\circ}$ , (and of course $\angle BMC = 70^{\circ}$ as given). The computed values appear to be exact, so there is definitely hope that there is a solution method using elementary geometry. I'll keep trying to find one, but in the meantime I'm confident that these are the angles you're looking for. The following is my trig approach.

Let $\angle MAC = x$ and without loss of generality let the equilateral triangle have side length $1.$ Also, let $|MC| = a$ and $|BM| = b.$

Using the Sine rule on $\Delta AMC$ we have that $\dfrac{\sin(\angle AMC)}{1} = \dfrac{\sin(x)}{a} \Longrightarrow a = 2\sin(x).$

Using the Sine rule on $\Delta AMB$ we find that $\dfrac{\sin(\angle AMB)}{1} = \dfrac{\sin(60^{\circ} - x)}{b} \Longrightarrow b = \dfrac{\sin(60^{\circ} - x)}{\sin(40^{\circ})}.$

Next, using the Cosine rule on $\Delta BMC$ , we have that $1 = a^{2} + b^{2} - 2ab\cos(70^{\circ}).$ Upon substitution of our expressions for $a$ and $b$ into this last equation, we find that

$1 = 4\sin^{2}(x) + \dfrac{\sin^{2}(60^{\circ} - x)}{\sin^{2}(40^{\circ})} - 4\sin(x)\sin(60^{\circ} - x)*\dfrac{\cos(70^{\circ})}{\sin(40^{\circ})}.$

Now this does look like a mess, but notice that for $x = 20^{\circ}$ the RHS of the equation reduces to

$4\sin^{2}(20^{\circ}) + 1 - 4\sin(20^{\circ})\cos(70^{\circ}) = 1$ , i.e., $x = 20^{\circ}$ satisfies the equation.

From here we can then quickly determine that $\angle BCM = 70^{\circ}$ and $\angle CBM = 40^{\circ}$ , as indicated before. So we got a bit lucky there that the answer was so nice. :)

(Note that I did find a second possible solution to the messy trig equation of approximatley $x = 25.62628^{\circ}$ , but I have yet to determine whether or not it is extraneous.)

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 2 months ago

Darn! You beat me to posting the solution sir . But I guess no one can beat the Math King :D

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 2 months ago

The other solution arises form the case where M and A are on the same side of BC, and so M is inside the "backwards angle" of $\angle BAC$ . We would actually have $\sin x = \ldots$ , and the solution that we want is $x = 180^ \circ - 25.6 ^ \circ$ .

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 2 months ago

Here's a simple synthetic geometry approach:

Hint: Prove that $B$ is the circumcenter of triangle $ACM$ .
(This can be proven by using 2 obvious facts in the diagram.)

Hence, conclude that $BC = BM$ and thus we have a $70 ^ \circ - 70 ^ \circ - 40 ^ \circ$ triangle.

Thanks to Brian for doing the hard work of finding out that we have an isosceles triangle so $BM = BC = BA$ , which motivates proving that $B$ is the circumcenter of the points $A, C, M$ .

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 2 months ago

In triangle BMC, Angle B = 40, C = 70 and M -= 70. The only point of import is that BM is equal to a side of equilateral triangle BC, as angle AMC = 30 (given) which is half of angle ABC.

Rajen Kapur - 6 years, 2 months ago

Did you graduate from IIT KGP sir ?

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 2 months ago

Yes, 1970 B.Tech. (ECE)

Rajen Kapur - 6 years, 2 months ago

@Rajen Kapur – Cool!

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 2 months ago

Math	Appears as
Remember to wrap math in `\(` ... `\)` or `\[` ... `\]` to ensure proper formatting.
`2 \times 3`	$2 \times 3$
`2^{34}`	$2^{34}$
`a_{i-1}`	$a_{i-1}$
`\frac{2}{3}`	$\frac{2}{3}$
`\sqrt{2}`	$\sqrt{2}$
`\sum_{i=1}^3`	$\sum_{i=1}^3$
`\sin \theta`	$\sin \theta$
`\boxed{123}`	$\boxed{123}$