Combinatorics (Thailand Math POSN 2nd round)

Write a full solution.

1.) In a party of 100 people, each people are known by even number of people. Prove that there exists a set of 3 people that are known by the same number of people.

2.) Answer the following:

2.1) An ordinary deck of cards consists of 52 cards - 4 suits, 13 cards each suits. Take out all cards with $J,Q,K,A$ . Find the number of different ways to choose 4 cards from the leftover such that the sum of all 4 numbers on chosen cards is 30, and none of the cards chosen have the same suit.

2.2) Find the number of different base-4 $n$ -digit numbers such that

there exists the digit 0 on any place (0 can be at the first digit)
there are even number of digit 0
there are no more than 1 number of digit 1

3.) Let $k,n$ be a natural number. Let $A = \{1,2,\dots,kn\}$ . Find the least number to choose the elements from $A$ such that we guarantee that there exists $k$ consecutive numbers within the chosen number.

4.) Write down each digits from 1 to 9 in the $14 \times 14$ table, such that the adjacent cells (horizontal, vertical, diagonal) must be coprime to each other. Prove that there exists 1 digit that appears on the table at least 33 times.

5.) Let $S$ be a set of 8-digit number of all possible permutations of 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9. Let the number from set $S$ nicely arranged if there exists a pair adjacent digits that has an absolute difference of 5. Compare the number of nicely arranged numbers and not nicely arranged.

(If possible, find the number of both nicely arranged and not nicely arranged.)

Example: 13726489 is nicely arranged because the adjacent number 72 have a difference of 5, but 13468792 is not nicely arranged.

This note is a part of Thailand Math POSN 2nd round 2015

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Math

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Remember to wrap math in $ ... $ or \[ ... \] to ensure proper formatting.

2 \times 3

2 \times 3

2^{34}

2^{34}

a_{i-1}

a_{i-1}

\frac{2}{3}

\frac{2}{3}

\sqrt{2}

\sqrt{2}

\sum_{i=1}^3

\sum_{i=1}^3

\sin \theta

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\boxed{123}

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Markdown	Appears as
`italics` or `_italics_`	italics
`bold` or `__bold__`	bold
- bulleted - list	bulleted list
1. numbered 2. list	numbered list
Note: you must add a full line of space before and after lists for them to show up correctly
paragraph 1 paragraph 2	paragraph 1 paragraph 2
`[example link](https://brilliant.org)`	example link
`> This is a quote`	This is a quote
# I indented these lines # 4 spaces, and now they show # up as a code block. print "hello world"	# I indented these lines # 4 spaces, and now they show # up as a code block. print "hello world"

Math	Appears as
Remember to wrap math in `$` ... `$` or `\[` ... `\]` to ensure proper formatting.
`2 \times 3`	$2 \times 3$
`2^{34}`	$2^{34}$
`a_{i-1}`	$a_{i-1}$
`\frac{2}{3}`	$\frac{2}{3}$
`\sqrt{2}`	$\sqrt{2}$
`\sum_{i=1}^3`	$\sum_{i=1}^3$
`\sin \theta`	$\sin \theta$
`\boxed{123}`	$\boxed{123}$

Comments

I think 1) is wrong. Place the 100 people in a line and label them 1,2,3... Group them like this, [1,2],[3,4],[5,6]... Now if every group knows the everyone from the groups after them, for example, [51,52] know [53,54],[55,56]... Then all people are known by an even number of people and no three people are known by the same number of people.

Siddhartha Srivastava - 6 years, 2 months ago

The original question has a lot of ambiguity though. I think it has to be mutual relationship that $A$ knows $B$ then $B$ also has to know $A$ . I'm changing what I stated so that the question will be right.

Samuraiwarm Tsunayoshi - 6 years, 2 months ago

Math	Appears as
Remember to wrap math in `\(` ... `\)` or `\[` ... `\]` to ensure proper formatting.
`2 \times 3`	$2 \times 3$
`2^{34}`	$2^{34}$
`a_{i-1}`	$a_{i-1}$
`\frac{2}{3}`	$\frac{2}{3}$
`\sqrt{2}`	$\sqrt{2}$
`\sum_{i=1}^3`	$\sum_{i=1}^3$
`\sin \theta`	$\sin \theta$
`\boxed{123}`	$\boxed{123}$