Limits unbounded?

Find n=1n2n!\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{n^2}{n!}.

#Limits #Goldbach'sConjurersGroup

Note by A Brilliant Member
7 years, 3 months ago

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Comments

n=1n2n!=n=1n2n+nn!=n=1n(n1)n!+n=1nn!=n=2n1(n1)!+n=11(n1)!=n=21(n2)!+n=11(n1)!, let p=n2, let q=n1=p=01p!+q=01q!=e+e=2e \begin{aligned} \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac {n^2}{n!} & = & \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac {n^2 - n + n}{n!} \\ & = & \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac {n(n-1)}{n!} + \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac {n}{n!} \\ & = & \sum_{n=2}^\infty \frac {n-1}{(n-1)!} + \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac {1}{(n-1)!} \\ & = & \sum_{n=2}^\infty \frac {1}{(n-2)!} + \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac {1}{(n-1)!}, \text{ let } p=n-2, \text{ let } q=n-1 \\ & = & \sum_{p=0}^\infty \frac {1}{p!} + \sum_{q=0}^\infty \frac {1}{q!} \\ & = & e +e = \boxed{2e} \\ \end{aligned}

The trick to evaluate n=1nkn! \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac {n^k}{n!} for a positive integer kk is to determine a linear combination of nkn^k in terms of n, n(n1), n(n1)(n2),  , n(n1)(n2)(nk+1)n , \space n(n-1), \space n(n-1)(n-2) , \space \ldots \space , \space n(n-1)(n-2) \cdot \cdot \cdot (n-k+1)

For example n4=n(n1)(n2)(n3)+6n(n1)(n2)+7n(n1)+nn^4 = n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3) + 6n(n-1)(n-2) + 7n(n-1) + n

Pi Han Goh - 7 years, 3 months ago

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Why did you change the limits? It was from n=1\displaystyle n=1..you made it n=2\displaystyle n=2..

Anish Puthuraya - 7 years, 3 months ago

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Because n1(n1)!=0 \frac {n-1}{(n-1)!} = 0 when n=1n=1

Pi Han Goh - 7 years, 3 months ago

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@Pi Han Goh Oh, right..sorry.

Anish Puthuraya - 7 years, 3 months ago

Great! Thanks.

A Brilliant Member - 7 years, 3 months ago

e^x =1+ x + x^2/2.1 + x^3/3.2.1 + ..... up to infinity =1 + 2x/2.1+ 3x^2/3.2.1 + 4x^3/4.3.2.1 +.....

x.e^x = x + 2x^2/2.1 + 3x^3/3.2.1 + 4x^4/4.3.2.1 + ....... ------- (1)

differentiating eq. (1) w.r.t. x we get the above series. Then substituting x=1 we get the answer as 2e .

vempati shriram - 7 years, 3 months ago

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Nicely done!

A Brilliant Member - 7 years, 3 months ago
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