Rajdeep's Message Board

This is my message board. I am moderator. My job is to keep the community clean and engaged. Any types of questions can be asked here. Any irrelevant comment , note or problem(report the problem and leave the link here) can be conveyed through here or slack.

$\huge \color{#D61F06}{\text{Happy}} \quad \huge \color{#3D99F6}{\text{Brillianting !}}$

Easy Math Editor

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Comments

Rajdeep, it has come to my attention that you are aggressively @mentioning several members numerous times a day. Please refrain from doing so, especially if you notice that they have not responded to any of your past mentions.

In general, unless you have a strong reason, please refrain from @ mentioning any person more than once a day. If you continually bombard people with such requests, they will (similar to the boy who cried wolf) most likely start to ignore you.

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 3 months ago

sorry

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Vighnesh Raut The solution to your question $\int{\frac{dx}{1 + \tan^{4}{x}}}$ is given below.

Solution : $\int{\frac{dx}{1+ tan^4 {x}}} \\ \text{Substitute tan x = t . Then the integral will become } \\ \int{\frac{dt}{(1 + t^2)(1 + t^4 )}} \\ \text{ Separating using partial fractions we get} \\ \int{(\frac{1}{2(1 +t^2)} + \frac{2t - \sqrt{2}}{4\sqrt{2}(-t^2 + \sqrt{2}t - 1)} + \frac{2t + \sqrt{2}}{4\sqrt{2}(t^2 + \sqrt{2}t + 1)})} \\ \text{Integrating we get} \\ \frac{1}{2}\arctan{t} - \frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\log{(t^2 - \sqrt{2}t + 1)} + \frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\log{(t^2 + \sqrt{2}t + 1}) \\ \text{We can easily substitute back in t = tan x and then simplify.}$

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

Sorry for misprint here $\phi = \varphi$

Now If body is in equilibrium. Resultant = 0

So that means $mg\sin{\theta} = T\cos{\phi}$

Plugging in values and solving we get

$T = \frac{10 \times 9.8 \times \sin{45^{\circ}}}{\cos{25^{\circ}}}$ If Doubt comment otherwise reply that you understood.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

ohh.. thank you.. I got it.. :D :D

Rishabh Tripathi - 6 years, 3 months ago

Your welcome!

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Archit Boobna Please tell me your FTRE marks

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 5 months ago

333

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 5 months ago

Archit Boobna In your new question Be Careful.

To evaluate C can the integers be same.

Like- $(-1)^{1000} = 1 \\ also \quad 1^{1000} = 1$ .

Do we have take both of them as different cases or same.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Read the question carefully. The values of $n$ are redundant. Only the integers which can be expressed as $n^{100}~,~n\in \mathbb{Z}$ are to be taken into consideration. You cannot express $(-1)$ as $n^{100}$ for any $n\in \mathbb{Z}$ . Also, you count a single number once, so there are no different cases to begin with. You just consider the number of positive integers that satisfy the given conditions of C.

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Prasun Biswas – @Prasun Biswas So you mean the value of C is $\boxed{1}$ I really do feel that the answer is wrong.

Also look at the other question . posted in this note

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Nope, there is nothing wrong with that problem. I can assure you that. It's a simple one though but it made me think a bit. It was a good problem.

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Prasun Biswas – Thanks @Prasun Biswas

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Archit Boobna – You're welcome. :)

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Prasun Biswas – Prasun Biswas Could you solve the following question:

P is any point inside a triangle ABC. The perimeter of the triangle ABC is $2s$ . Prove that $s$ < $AP + BP + CP$ < $2s$

Also could you give a solution for tanveen dhingra Problem Above

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – The lower bound of the inequality can be proved easily by using the basic property of triangles that the sum of any $2$ sides is always greater than the third side and the upper bound is to proven using the following lemma.

Lemma: Whenever we have a point inside a triangle, the distance of it from a vertex is always less than any one of the sides of the triangle originating from that vertex.

Image

Given that $AB+BC+AC=2s$ . Using the property specified in the beginning, we have,

$AP+BP\gt AB\quad,\quad AP+CP\gt AC\quad,\quad BP+CP\gt BC$

Adding the three inequalities, we get,

$2(AP+BP+CP)\gt (AB+BC+AC)=2s \implies AP+BP+CP\gt \dfrac{2s}{2}=s$

$\therefore AP+BP+CP\gt s\ldots (i)$

When $P$ is a point inside $\Delta$ $ABC$ , we always have,

$AP\lt AB~\lor~AP\lt AC \quad \land \quad BP\lt BC~\lor~BP\lt AB\quad \land \quad CP\lt AC~\lor~CP\lt BC$

Adding the three inequalities casewise, we have,

$AP+BP+CP\lt AB+BC+AC\quad \lor \quad AP+BP+CP\lt AC+AB+BC$

Note that both the cases imply the same thing which is,

$AP+BP+CP\lt AB+BC+AC=2s$

$\therefore AP+BP+CP\lt 2s\ldots (ii)$

From $(i)$ and $(ii)$ , we have,

$s\lt AP+BP+CP\lt 2s$

P.S - I still cannot think of a rigorous proof of the lemma I stated though other than analytically verifying the validity of that lemma.

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Prasun Biswas – @Prasun Biswas The Lower bound is easy.

I believe that the upper bound can only be prove by drawing a mirror image

Please also solve @tanveen dhingra Question

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – I have updated the solution to include the proof of the upper bound.

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Prasun Biswas – what is $\land$ and $\lor$

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – $\land$ denotes the logical "AND" operator and $\lor$ denotes the logical "OR" operator.

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Prasun Biswas – Could you please solve @tanveen dhingra Question.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Well, you already gave him the link to the solution of his problem, didn't you?

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Prasun Biswas – Is that solution the best and easiest.I don't think so.Could you please make it shoter

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Just Use Binomial

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Archit Boobna – It won't work.Already tried.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – $x={ 2 }^{ 1990 }mod\quad 1990\\ x={ 1024 }^{ 199 }mod\quad 1990\\ x-1024=({ 1024 }^{ 199 }-1024)\quad mod\quad 1990\\ x-1024=1024({ 1024 }^{ 198 }-1)\quad mod\quad 1990\\ \\ To\quad find\quad it:-\\ 1024({ 1024 }^{ 198 }-1)=1990n+a\\ 512({ 1024 }^{ 198 }-1)=995n+\frac { a }{ 2 } \\ 512({ 2 }^{ 1980 }-1)=995n+\frac { a }{ 2 }$

(Here "a" is $1024({ 1024 }^{ 198 }-1)$ mod 1990

Now we can easily factorize 2^1980-1 and we will see that it is a multiple of 995=5x199, so a=0.

So x-1024 is a multiple of 1990. So x mod 1990 is 1024

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Archit Boobna – @Archit Boobna How would factorization help?

$2^{1980} - 1$ = $(2^{990}-1)(2^{990} + 1)$ = $(2^{495} - 1)(2^{495}+1)(2^{990} + 1)$

How did this help? Even further cubic factorization isn't working. @Prasun Biswas @Calvin Lin

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – But my approach is halfway to the solution

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Archit Boobna – Yes , But how to prove $2^{1980} - 1$ $\mod{995}$ = $\boxed{0}$

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Factorize+x%5E1980-1

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Archit Boobna – But during the exam we can't use wolfram alpha

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – No! I mean to say that 2^1980-1 can be factorised... but we are just not getting how

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – $2^{1980}-1\not \equiv 0 \pmod{1990}$

I checked using the Chinese Remainder Theorem. The result comes out to be $2^{1980}\equiv 996 \pmod{1990}$

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Prasun Biswas – but the answer is coming right using this assumption

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Well, if the answer comes out correct, that doesn't necessarily mean that the process is correct too.

P.S - Check again. In his solution, he said that $2^{1980}\equiv 1\pmod{995}$ . That doesn't necessarily mean that we'll also have $2^{1980}\equiv 1\pmod{1990}$ .

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Prasun Biswas – I said 2^1980-1 mod 995 =0

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Archit Boobna – Oh sorry. That was a typo on my part. :P

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – By the way, $2^{1980}\equiv 1\pmod{995}$ , so @Archit Boobna's method is correct (as far as I can see).

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Prasun Biswas – So you mean $2^{1980}$ is a factor of 995

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Prasun Biswas – http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=2%5E1980-1+mod+995&dataset= @Prasun Biswas

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – you are online

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Archit Boobna – I am trying to solve it

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Archit Boobna – By the way, i have another proof. If you will help me prove that 2^1980 mod 1990 =1 , then I can prove it

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Archit Boobna – Let me think about it.

The question is not of proof it is of finding the remainder

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Done

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Archit Boobna – I am just writing it in daum

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Prasun Biswas – Prasun Biswas Try my new integration problem here

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Rajdeep if you have any problems with my question, discuss it on the solutions page or disputes page of the problem

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Archit Boobna Is class there tomorrow ? Tomorrow's date is 14/2/2015

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

do you like S.S.T?

Adarsh Kumar - 6 years, 5 months ago

Archit Boobna Calvin lin liked and reshared my integration cauchy

a b

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

A square sheet of paper ABCD is so folded that B falls on the mid-point M of CD.Prove that the crease will divide BC in the ratio 3:5.

@Calvin Lin @Sandeep Bhardwaj @jaikirat sandhu @Prasun Biswas @Ronak Agarwal @Satvik Golechha @megh choksi @Peter Taylor @Sreejato Bhattacharya @Suyeon Khim @Agnishom Chattopadhyay @Mursalin Habib

Please help.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

Well a neat diagram and simple geometry would do it.

Look at this diagram.

Yo Yo Yo Yo

Here $AP$ is the crease along which paper is to be folded.Hence $M$ becomes the reflection of $B$

Since $M$ is the reflection of $B$ hence $BN=NM$ .

Also let side of square be $x$ then $MC=\frac{x}{2}$

Also $tan(\theta)=\frac{1}{2},\Rightarrow sec(\theta)=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}$

Now $BM=\frac{\sqrt{5}x}{2}$ (By applying pythagorean theorom in $BMC$ )

Since $N$ is the mid-point of $BM$ hence $BN=\frac{\sqrt{5}x}{4}$

Finally in triangle $BNP$ by simple trignometry we have :

$BNsec(\theta)=BP=\frac{\sqrt{5}x}{4} \times \frac{\sqrt{5}}{2} = \frac{5x}{8}$

$PC=BC-BP=\frac{3x}{8}$

Finally we are getting $PC : PB :: 3:5$

Hence proved.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 4 months ago

Thanks!!

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

And by the way how did you make the figure.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Paint.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal – And how did you mark the $\theta$ and the perpendicular sign

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – By drawing curve feature and oval feature of paint. You know you can draw curves in paint.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 4 months ago

You are much more likely to get a response by posting that as a note instead of just as a comment on your messageboard.

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 4 months ago

Thanks for the suggestion. Anyways, do you know how to solve it.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

I think this is a previous RMO (maybe 1991) problem, you can find a solution online.

Satvik Golechha - 6 years, 4 months ago

Its a RMO 1990 problem

Tried but couldn't find a solution.Please help @Satvik Golechha

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

Could You Guys help me?

Find the remainder when $2^{1990}$ is divided by 1990.

@Calvin Lin @Satvik Golechha @Prasun Biswas @Ronak Agarwal @Rajdeep Dhingra @Sreejato Bhattacharya

tanveen dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

You can see the solution here

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal @Satvik Golechha @Prasun Biswas @megh choksi @Calvin Lin

Do you know from where I can learn about 'Mod' ,the remainder operator, and it's properties.

Is there a wiki.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Calvin Lin Please help

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

Yes, there are lots of wikis on the Modular Arithmetic. These are all listed under Number Theory - Modular Arithmetic.

You can also do a search and filter by wiki, to see the relevant pages that appear. Often, the suggested page will be the most relevant to you, or it will contain the most information that will be useful to you.

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 4 months ago

Thank you very much

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Calvin Lin Sir please change my age. It is 12 years.My DOB is 14th August 2002. Thanks! In advance

tanveen dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Tanveen Dhingra – @Calvin Lin There is a mistake in the typing of my date of birth. It is actually 14th august 2001. Please restore my streak, account and points. Or transfer those things in this account.

Tanveen Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Tanveen Dhingra – I sent you an email to the email address that you used on the account. Please respond accordingly.

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Calvin Lin – Can you please help me with this? I posted a note earlier. I wanted someone to verify whether my method is correct or not. I even tagged you there, but no response.

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Calvin Lin – @Calvin Lin Sir i have sent you there Email IDs Please reach out to them Fast as i don't want to lose my streak

Tanveen Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Calvin Lin – @Calvin Lin Sir My parents have replied you back. Sir , Please restore my account.

Tanveen Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Calvin Lin – @Calvin Lin My DOB is 14th August 2002 not 2001

Sorry for the trouble

tanveen dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

If a,b,c and d are any 4 positive real numbers, then prove that $\frac{a}{b} + \frac{b}{c} + \frac{c}{d} + \frac{d}{a} \ge 4$

@Prasun Biswas @Ronak Agarwal @Satvik Golechha @Calvin Lin

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

Simply apply $A.M \ge G.M.$

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal Have you tried my problem

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Yep, that was too easy.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – You should try this Easy Integral

@Rajdeep Dhingra

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal – @Ronak Agarwal I solved it using hyperbolic tangent integral. How did you solve it?

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal – @Ronak Agarwal Try this. $\text{ Harmonic }$ at its best

Please Contribute a Solution.@Prasun Biswas @Calvin Lin

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

How did you expand (a+b+c+d)^4

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – No,No apply $A.M. \ge H.M.$ to quantities $\frac{a}{b},\frac{b}{c},\frac{c}{d},\frac{d}{a}$ to directly get the result.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal – Thank you

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal – @Ronak Agarwal Its not working.

Please help @Calvin Lin @Satvik Golechha @Sreejato Bhattacharya

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal – @Ronak Agarwal Please give a solution to the problem Logarithms, Integrals,Trigonometry

First give a hint.Like what to set as a variable to use Leibniz's integral rule.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Here's a hint consider : $F(n,m) = \displaystyle \int _{ 0 }^{ \pi /2 }{ \sin ^{ n }{ x } \cos ^{ m }{ x } dx }$

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal – @Ronak Agarwal How is this related to your question ?

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – No further hints.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal – I have tried the problem and got it incorrect and all 3 tries gone. Please help now.After i have read it you can delete it.Please give more hints.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – I am putting the whole solution in my solutions discussion, I believe that you will not like my solution since it involves gamma function, anyway you see the solution to any extent you want.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal – Could you help me with this $\displaystyle \lim _{ n\rightarrow \infty }{ \sum _{ i = 0 }^{ n }{ \frac { 1 }{ F(i) } } }$ .

$F(n)$ is the nth Fibonacci number.Here are some values :

$F(0) = 0 , F(1) = 1 , F(2) = 1 , F(3) = 2 , \dots \dots , F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2)$

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – I am working on it.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal – Are you a moderator? Have you added the solution to your problem ?

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Yes.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal – Yes to both ?

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – To only first question.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – I have added solution to my problem. You can check it out @Rajdeep Dhingra

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal – Could you solve this :

Two boxes contain between them 65 balls of several different sizes. Each ball is white, black, red or yellow. If you take any five balls of the same colour, at least 2 of them will always be of the same size. Prove that there are at least 3 balls which lie in the same box, have the same colour and the same size.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – @Rajdeep Dhingra , Its not a good idea to ask problems for which no close form exist. This is quite famous, and called "Reciprocal Fibonacci Constant" . There is NO CLOSE form to this summation. You earlier asked , $\zeta(3)$ , which also has no close form, inspite of knowing that. Trying to waste anyone time who is helping you is not a good thing.

Shivang Jindal - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Shivang Jindal – But earlier I had seen this in a problem which used this.

I don't remember the problems name (as i did it a month ago) but I remember the problem . Also there was no solution to it but had quite a many solvers.

The problem was $2.2.2^{\frac{1}{2}}.2^{\frac{1}{3}}.2^{\frac{1}{5}}\dots \dots$ here the power is fibonacci numbers. hence to evaluate this we needed "Reciprocal Fibonacci Constant".

Sorry @Ronak Agarwal I didn't know it.

P.S- $\zeta{(3)}$ was just a joke. Please don't take it seriously and please keep helping me Ronak agarwal. I won't reapeat the $\zeta(3)$ thing. Thank you for helping me now in the future.

I have a doubt that I will ask you later Ronak Agarwal. I have proceeded with the solution till some extent but could you help me out with it. Hopefully will post in 3-4 hours.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal – So that means $F(n,m) = \frac{1}{2}B[\frac{1}{2}(n+1),\frac{1}{2}(m+1)]$ . Now what ?

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Differentiate both sides of the expression first with respect to $m$ and then with respect to $n$ and then put $m=n=0$

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Ronak Agarwal – How to differentiate Beta function

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

You can also use the Rearrangement Inequality. That trivializes the problem.

Consider the following sequences: $\{a,b,c,d\}$ and $\left \{\dfrac{1}{d},\dfrac{1}{c},\dfrac{1}{b},\dfrac{1}{a}\right \}$ of positive reals and without loss of generality, assume $a\geq b\geq c\geq d$ . Then, we also have $\dfrac{1}{d}\geq \dfrac{1}{c}\geq \dfrac{1}{b}\geq \dfrac{1}{a}$

Using the Rearrangement Inequality, we have,

$\text{Directed Sum} \ge \text{Random Sum} \ge \text{Reverse Sum}\\ \implies \frac{a}{d}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{d}{a}\geq \frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{d}+\frac{d}{a}\geq \frac{a}{a}+\frac{b}{b}+\frac{c}{c}+\frac{d}{d}=1+1+1+1=4$

$\therefore \frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{d}+\frac{d}{a}\geq 4$

and equality holds iff $a=b=c=d$

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Prasun Biswas Nice solution.

In this Rearrangement Inequality can we change the random sum any way we like ? Should it be the Product of the squence in any order?

Like in this case $Directed Sum \ge \frac{a}{c} + \frac{b}{a} + \frac{d}{b} + \frac{c}{d} \ge Reverse Sum$

Help @Ronak Agarwal @Calvin Lin

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Yes, for the random sum, we choose any one of the permutations of the second sequence. There's a Brilliant wiki on the topic. You can read it if you want.

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

Simple use of Rearrangemet inequality.

siddharth bhatt - 6 years, 3 months ago

Which question ?

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

Could you give a algebraic solution to this $\text{ Harmonic }$ at its best

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Prasun Biswas @Ronak Agarwal @Calvin Lin @Satvik Golechha

I have a doubt in the wiki on Chinese Remainder Theorem

I didn't understand how did this theorem is applied. In the example please tell this step.Which values we multipied in this?

Image

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Prasun Biswas @Ronak Agarwal @Satvik Golechha @satvik pandey @Calvin Lin @Sreejato Bhattacharya Please help

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

The sum is, $x\equiv \displaystyle \sum_i a_iy_iz_i$ where $z_i\equiv y_i^{-1}\pmod{n_i}$ for the $i^{\textrm{th}}$ congruence of the system and the other symbols have their usual meanings as given in that wiki. Read it carefully and try the example problems yourself to get a better grasp on how to utilize CRT to solve a system of congruencies. A level 5 like you would've no problem in doing that. Cheers! :)

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Prasun Biswas – Sorry for the trouble . Didn't read the section on how to use the theorem.

Just read the theorem and went on to try the example.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Determine the largest 3-digit prime factor of the integer ${2000\choose 1000}$ .

@Prasun Biswas @Ronak Agarwal @Calvin Lin Help. I solved it using basic prime factorization. But I bet there has got to be a shorter solution.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

Hi Guys, I read your conversation and was fascinated to see your knowledge?

Could you solve one of my questions? Ques1. Prove that $n^{4}$ + $4^{n}$ is composite for all integer value of $n$ $\gt$ $1$

Please help.@Prasun Biswas @Ronak Agarwal @Rajdeep Dhingra @Satvik Golechha

Micheal Faraday - 6 years, 4 months ago

Interesting Question. On it.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

@PRIYANSHU MISHRA For all n $\in$ Even . It can be easily proved that it composite(As it is a multiple of $2$ ). For the odd I Have an approach but is not complete. Still working on that .

Here is my approach for odd.

Let the odd numbers be of the form 2n + 1 where n $\in$ Natural numbers. Then the question will change to

$(2n + 1)^{4} \quad + \quad 4^{2n + 1}$ $\Rightarrow$ $16n^4 + 32n^3 + 24n^2 + 8n + 1 + 4^{2n+1}$

4( $4n^4 + 8n^3 + 6n^2 + 2n + 4^{2n}$ ) + 1 . Now If start inserting values into it then we'll see that for all n except 2 , it is divisible by 5 . Now we'll find last digit of this to prove it is divisible by 5. Last digit can be found out by doing modulo 10.So,

( $4n^4 + 8n^3 + 6n^2 + 2n + 4^{2n}$ ) $\mod{ 10 }$ .

now the cyclicity is $\boxed{10}$ . So we find remainders for n = 1 to 10.

Here I am getting problems.Solving this would take time . Could you simplify the mod expression.@Calvin Lin @Satvik Golechha @Peter Taylor @Prasun Biswas @Ronak Agarwal Please help.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 4 months ago

Here's the solution to your problem.

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 4 months ago

Prasun Have you checked it out !

Will you participate ? Check the edit in it.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

Please Find $\int{\frac{1+ x^4}{( 1 -x^4)^{3/2}}dx}$ Please help @Ronak Agarwal @Prasun Biswas @megh choksi

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

That's a simple one : Put $\displaystyle x=\sqrt{sin\theta}$ to get :

$\displaystyle I=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { (2\sec ^{ 2 }{ \theta } -1)\sqrt { \csc { \theta } } d\theta }$

$\displaystyle I = \frac { 1 }{ 2 } (\int { (2\sec ^{ 2 }{ \theta } \sqrt { \csc { \theta } } d\theta } -\int { \sqrt { \csc { \theta } } d\theta } )$

Applying product rule to first integral we have :

$\displaystyle u = \sqrt { \csc { \theta } } , v'=\sec ^{ 2 }{ \theta }$

$\displaystyle I = \frac { 1 }{ 2 } (2\tan { \theta } \sqrt { \csc { \theta } } -\int { 2\tan { \theta } \frac { -\csc { \theta } \cot { \theta } }{ 2\sqrt { \csc { \theta } } } } -\int { \sqrt { \csc { \theta } } d\theta } )+C$

$\displaystyle I = \frac { 1 }{ 2 } (2\tan { \theta } \sqrt { \csc { \theta } } +\int { \sqrt { \csc { \theta } } d\theta } -\int { \sqrt { \csc { \theta } } d\theta } )+C$

$\displaystyle \Rightarrow I = \tan { \theta } \sqrt { \csc { \theta } } +C$

Reverting back to our substitution we have :

$I = \dfrac { x }{ \sqrt { 1-{ x }^{ 4 } } } +C$

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 3 months ago

Today, I also found a new way. $\int{\frac{1+ x^4}{( 1 -x^4)^{3/2}}dx} \\ \text{Dividing the inner things by (x^2) we get} \\ \int{\frac{\frac{1 + x^4}{x^3}}{(\frac{ 1 - x^4}{x^2})^{3/2}}dx} \\ \int{\frac{\frac{1}{x^3} + x}{(\frac{1}{x^2} + x^2)^{3/2}}dx} \\ \text{Now we have a derivative, So we substitute the down expression. Integrating and substituting back we get} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2} - x^2}} + C \\ \frac{x}{\sqrt{1 - x^4}} + C$

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

Nishi Sofat Arushi Sofat

Please ask Rahul Sir to solve this. $\lim _{x \rightarrow \infty}{\left( \frac{x!}{x^x} \right) ^{1/x}}$

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

Will you please tell me how did you get thiscorrect?

Gautam Sharma - 6 years, 3 months ago

But the person who has posted it has written himself that this question is incorrect .Is the question correct?

Gautam Sharma - 6 years, 3 months ago

Yes it is but you need to assume it in complex plane.

here is the solution:

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Yeah i did the same but i didn't want to waste my chance and points thats why i asked.Thanks.

Gautam Sharma - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra Can You please help me with this ?

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

Have you tried solving it ?

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

I have a really low level of knowledge in Functions and all so can you please help me out? with this and the basics and all....

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Mehul Arora – Ok fine.......
Its gonna take time to type but if you have patience I will help you.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Sure.. Im ready

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Mehul Arora – Should I tell you the next step ?

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – yeah.. plzzz

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Mehul Arora – Ok Now the question says $\large f(1)=2 \\ \large f(2)=3 \\ \large f(3)=4 \\ \large f(4)=5 \\\large f(5)=6$
So for values up to 5 the function is just $\large f(n) = n + 1$
Now we can set up are polynomial
$\large f(x) = C(x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 4)(x - 5) + x + 1$
Now try the question. I am sure you'll be able to do it. If not comment.(I am going offline will be online in half an hour)

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Ohk... then why is the answer asked in the form of m/n?

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Mehul Arora – Because the constant is in the form of $\dfrac{a}{b}$

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – not getting it :( maybe I will be able to solve more of such problems after this one

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Mehul Arora – ok
Now we have to find $C \text{ from } f(x)$ .
They have given us the value of the function at $f(8)$ which is $f(8) = 8-1 = x-1$ .
So now we have $\large f(x) = C(x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 4)(x - 5) + x + 1 \\ \large f(8) = C(8-1)(8-2)(8-3)(8-4)(8-5) + 8 + 1 \\ \text{Plugging in value of the function at 8 , we get} \\ 7 = C\dfrac{7!}{2!} + 9 \\ \text{Finding value of C we get} \\ C = (-2)\dfrac{2!}{7!} \\ \text{Now our polynomial changes to n} \\ \large f(x) = (-2)(\dfrac{2!}{7!})(x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 4)(x - 5) + x +1 \\ \text{Plugging 9 we get} \\ \large f(9) = \dfrac{14}{3}$
Comment if doubt, otherwise reply that you understood. Here is a problem same as this . Try this to clear concepts

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – how should I start on this one?

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Mehul Arora – Done it ?

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – on it .wait pls :)

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Mehul Arora – See any n degree polynomial can be expressed in the form $P(x) = C(x - a_1)(x - a_2)(x - a_3).........(x - a_n) + k$ .
Try the problem now. If unable to solve I will help you.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

Hint: Use the Remainder-Factor Theorem for polynomials.

Extra hint: Try forming a new polynomial whose roots are the given $x$ 's.

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 3 months ago

Hey bro . Did you solve that probability problem I had asked ?

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Nope, I got busy with some NT and inequality problems. I'll look into it later. I was actually gonna solve it in the afternoon but then I had to sleep since I stayed up late last night.

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 3 months ago

$\lim _{x \rightarrow \infty}{\left( \frac{x!}{x^x} \right) ^{1/x}}$

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – That's an easy one. You simply need to take the limit as $L$ and then apply natural logarithm on both sides to get,

$\ln L=\lim_{x\to\infty}\frac{1}{x}\cdot \sum_{i=1}^x f\left(\frac{i}{x}\right)$

This is a Riemann sum and can be evaluated by using limit sum definition of definite integral with $f(x)=\ln x$ . We proceed as follows:

$\ln L=\int\limits_0^1\ln x\,dx$

Using IBP, we have,

$\ln L=\left[x\ln x-x\right]_0^1\implies \ln L=(1\times \ln 1-1)-\lim_{x\to 0^+}(x\ln x-x)$

The limit $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0^+}(x\ln x)$ can be evaluated to be $0$ using L'Hopital's rule. Thus,

$\ln L=(0-1)-(0-0)=(-1)\implies \boxed{L=e^{-1}}$

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Prasun Biswas – Thanks a lot ! How about this one

You are watching four people play bridge, where a hand begins by dealing each player 13 cards.

a. After a hand is dealt, you ask a player, “Do you have at least one Ace?” She says, “Yes.” What is the probability that she’s holding more than one Ace?

b. On a later hand, you ask another player, “Do you have the Ace of Spades?” She says, “Yes.” What is the probability that she’s holding more than one Ace?

See when we apply bayes theorem I can't understand how to evaluate P(A) and P(B).The probabilities I asked you.So, instead just solve the whole question please.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Prasun Biswas @Rajdeep Dhingra help me in starting that question . Please help.

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Prasun Biswas Help him. I am exhausted. Not because of you but other things. I typed almost 50 comments each no less than 200 - 300 words.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

rajdeep, I got my answer as 2013/2008 why did I go wrong?

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Mehul Arora – From the given fact that:

$P(1)=P(2)=P(3)=P(4)=P(5)=1$

$\Rightarrow P(x) = A(x-1) (x-2) (x-3) (x-4) (x-5)+1$

Therefore,

$\dfrac {P(2015)-1}{P(2014)-1}$

$= \dfrac {A(2015-1) (2015-2) (2015-3) (2015-4) (2015-5)+1-1}{A(2014-1) (2014-2) (2014-3) (2014-4) (2014-5)+1-1}$

$= \dfrac {A(2014) (2013) (2012) (2011) (2010)}{A(2013) (2012) (2011) (2010) (2009)} = \dfrac {2014}{2009}$

$\Rightarrow a = 2014$ , $b = 2009$ and $a+b = 2014+2009 = \boxed{4023}$

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Hell man.... I got that as 4022 !!! Though I finally understood all this.... Thank you so much for your help @Rajdeep Dhingra :*

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – One last question, Is the polnomial always having +1 in the end?

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Mehul Arora – No

P.S - I will post 3 problems tomorrow on this. Then you can check your newly learnt skill. $\ddot\smile$

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Thanks!! In those problems can You add a solution to 1 problem which helps me to understand how the polynomial expansion will end i.e. with which constant?

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Mehul Arora – Well your concepts about Polynomial are scattered. No problem, Well that happens when attain higher knowledge in an unappropiate order.Well there is no particular constant, it may be 0 also.
See , A polynomial is anything in the form $a_0 x^n + a_1 x^{n-1} + ......... + a_{n-1} x + a_n$ .Provided that only $a_0 \neq 0$ . Rest anything is possible.There no particular constant.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Where can I read more about this?? Is there a brilliant wiki? or something like aops or wolfram|alpha?

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Mehul Arora – Well the brilliant wiki is empty. I learnt it from class 9 NCERT.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – k.. I have that!! Which Chapter?

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Mehul Arora – Sorry class 10th. Here's the link.

offline

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Hahaha.. I truly understood how exhausted u are... This is @Chew-Seong Cheong Sir's solution... XD

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Mehul Arora – Well yes, I didn't want to type this whole stuff out. So I did copy his.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

Also why do you want to become a mod ? Just curious .

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 3 months ago

Well I wanted to become one since I came to know about it. I thought it was cool. Well know I have changed my mind(Looking at people like you and megh choksi).
P.S - If I get a request to become one well I won't deny it. $\ddot\smile$

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

Frankly speaking , Megh has a better chance of becoming a mod . Look at the number of his followers !

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 2 months ago

@A Former Brilliant Member – Yes, But I think you'll also be chosen if megh is.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 2 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Really ? We'll see .

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 2 months ago

@A Former Brilliant Member – Yes

Could you help the guy out who posted a question on the RMO/INMO board. The $\omega$ one.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 2 months ago

@Azhaghu Roopesh M , You can Solve the problem now... I have reposted it

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

It was easy but good. When I tried the same problem with the wrong answer I wondered where had I went wrong.I thought of disputing it but didn't do it as the changed problem had come.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra – Yeah! sorry for the inconvenience caused.

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

Guys I have a problem in questions like this one.

If $\displaystyle f \left( \dfrac{x+y}{2} \right) = \dfrac{f(x) + f(y)}{2}.$
$\text{Find } f(2) \text{ given } f(0) = 1 \text{ and } f'(0) = -1.$

Also give me links to many such problems so I can practice them. Any book or wiki or PDF also will work.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 2 months ago

You might want to see this .

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 2 months ago

Here's the link to the staff list , in case you missed out on my comment on Calvin sir's Message Board .

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 2 months ago

This is not the staff list. Also I read your comment on Sir's message board.

Just help me out in this: -

AB and CD are 2 straight lines meeting at O and XY is another straight line. Show that in general 2 points can be found in XY which are equidistant from AB and CD . When is there only one such point ?

See this

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 2 months ago

Did you check out the whole page ?

Also I see that Shashwat has explained it to you already .

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 2 months ago

Rajdeep try my question "I think factorization may help"

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 2 months ago

I have already done it.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 6 years, 2 months ago

Do "Dirty Maxima" then

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 2 months ago

Try my new questions Find the Truth 7 and Dirty Algebra.

Archit Boobna - 6 years, 1 month ago

In the above solution mass 1 = 1 kg , mass 2 = 2 kg , mass 3 = 3 kg. This will make calculation easier. You can try and generalize it for variables . If any doubt persists then do ask.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 5 years, 5 months ago

How do we get that block m1 moves upwards? If we did m1 downwards we get a negative value? @Rajdeep Dhingra

Anik Mandal - 5 years, 5 months ago

Yes. @Anik Mandal

Rajdeep Dhingra - 5 years, 5 months ago

@Harsh Shrivastava Please post your JOMC Questions here .

Rajdeep Dhingra - 5 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra Hi Rajdeep Bhaiya !

This year I am bracing up for my NSEJS preparation, and recently I had a look over your personal tips for the exam. I saw some pics that you uploaded, wherein you said they contained the Physics IJSO syllabus and were taken from a "blog". If possible, can you please provide the link for the blog ? Also, are there some other blogs/websites related to IJSO preparation ?

Devanshi

Diva Amrit - 3 years, 3 months ago

All of them are removed now. They used to be maintained by Resonance.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 3 years, 3 months ago

Oh ok, thank you so much !

Diva Amrit - 3 years, 3 months ago

@Diva Amrit – You can go to Here. Many people preparing for IJSO are there.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 3 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra

Hi Rajdeep Bhaiya !

I had a question - is learning calculus preferable and advantageous for NSEJS and its further stages ? If yes, then how and to what extent ?

Devanshi

Diva Amrit - 3 years, 3 months ago

Just very basic differentiation and integration in class 11th NCERT of Physics.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 3 years, 3 months ago

Shall surely check it out. Thank you so much !

Diva Amrit - 3 years, 3 months ago

@Rajdeep Dhingra

I had a doubt regarding chemistry.

What, according to your personal opinion, is something better to do - Practicing whole of chemistry from Raymond Chang + Coursera, or studying Class 8,9,10,11,12 NCERT, and solve BMA and Pearson Trishna Chemistry for NSEJS and further stages ?

Diva Amrit - 3 years, 3 months ago

11th + 12th NCERT has inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry also which don't come.(except their introductory chapter).I suggest you do Chang+Coursera and do the questions of NCERT of that chapter.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 3 years, 2 months ago

Oh ok, thank you so much for your guidance bhaiya !

Diva Amrit - 3 years, 2 months ago

@Diva Amrit – Rajdeep Bhaiya, generally for almost every exam it is advised to read NCERT religiously and thoroughly - as NSEJS is more about problem - solving (as per my observation), should one focus more on reading NCERT thoroughly or rather solving more and more problems ?

Thank you so much !

Diva Amrit - 3 years, 2 months ago

@Diva Amrit – You should read only for biology.

Rajdeep Dhingra - 3 years, 2 months ago

Math	Appears as
Remember to wrap math in `\(` ... `\)` or `\[` ... `\]` to ensure proper formatting.
`2 \times 3`	$2 \times 3$
`2^{34}`	$2^{34}$
`a_{i-1}`	$a_{i-1}$
`\frac{2}{3}`	$\frac{2}{3}$
`\sqrt{2}`	$\sqrt{2}$
`\sum_{i=1}^3`	$\sum_{i=1}^3$
`\sin \theta`	$\sin \theta$
`\boxed{123}`	$\boxed{123}$