Generalisation of $\left( { r }_{ 1 }+m \right) \left( { r }_{ 2 }+m \right) \dots \left( { r }_{ n }+m \right)$

Hello every $\frac { 45\pi }{ 4096 } \left( \begin{matrix} 7 \\ 2.5 \end{matrix} \right)$.

I hope you are having a great time!

I have presumably found a way to solve

$\left( { r }_{ 1 }+m \right) \left( { r }_{ 2 }+m \right) \dots \left( { r }_{ n }+m \right)$

if ${ r }_{ n }$ are the roots to any equation of the form $f\left( x \right)={ a }_{ n }{ x }^{ n }+{ a }_{ n-1 }{ x }^{ n-1 }+\dots { a }_{ 1 }{ x }+{ a }_{ 0 }$

and $m$ is any real or complex number.

Claim:

$\left( { r }_{ 1 }+m \right) \left( { r }_{ 2 }+m \right) \dots \left( { r }_{ n }+m \right) ={ \left( -1 \right) }^{ n }\frac { f\left( -m \right) }{ { a }_{ n } }$

if $f\left( x \right)={ a }_{ n }{ x }^{ n }+{ a }_{ n-1 }{ x }^{ n-1 }+\dots { a }_{ 1 }{ x }+{ a }_{ 0 }$

Simply put ${ a }_{ n }$ is the coefficient of ${ x }^{ n }$ in $f\left( x \right)$ or even simpler,

${ a }_{ n }$ is the leading coefficient of $f\left( x \right)$.

Example

Lets have an explicit example where $m=3$ and $f\left( x \right) =2{ x }^{ 3 }+12{ x }^{ 2 }-14x-120$

So $\left( { r }_{ 1 }+3 \right) \left( { r }_{ 2 }+3 \right) \left( { r }_{ 3 }+3 \right) ={ r }_{ 1 }{ r }_{ 2 }{ r }_{ 3 }+3{ r }_{ 1 }{ r }_{ 2 }+3{ r }_{ 1 }{ r }_{ 3 }+3{ r }_{ 2 }{ r }_{ 3 }+9{ r }_{ 1 }+9{ r }_{ 2 }+9{ r }_{ 3 }+27$

Then using Vieta's, ${ r }_{ 1 }{ r }_{ 2 }{ r }_{ 3 }+3{ r }_{ 1 }{ r }_{ 2 }+3{ r }_{ 1 }{ r }_{ 3 }+3{ r }_{ 2 }{ r }_{ 3 }+9{ r }_{ 1 }+9{ r }_{ 2 }+9{ r }_{ 3 }+27=-\frac { -120 }{ 2 } +3\times \frac { -14 }{ 2 } -9\times \frac { 12 }{ 2 } +27\\ =12$

and indeed ${ \left( -1 \right) }^{ 3 }\frac { f\left( -3 \right) }{ 2 } =12$

and also the roots of $f\left( x \right) =2{ x }^{ 3 }+12{ x }^{ 2 }-14x-120$ is $-5$,$-4$ and $3$. Meaning the product is $\left( -5+3 \right) \left( -4+3 \right) \left( 3+3 \right) =12$

Proof 1

$\left( { r }_{ 1 }+m \right) \left( { r }_{ 2 }+m \right) \dots \left( { r }_{ n }+m \right) ={ m }^{ 0 }\prod _{ y=1 }^{ n }{ { r }_{ n } } +{ m }^{ 1 }\left( \sum _{ cyc }^{ }{ { r }_{ 1 }{ r }_{ 2 }\dots { r }_{ n-1 } } \right) +\cdots +{ m }^{ n-1 }\left( \sum _{ cyc }^{ }{ { r }_{ 1 } } \right) +{ m }^{ n }\left( \sum _{ n=1 }^{ n }{ 1 } \right)$

Using Vieta's, ${ m }^{ 0 }\prod _{ y=1 }^{ n }{ { r }_{ y } } +{ m }^{ 1 }\left( \sum _{ cyc }^{ }{ { r }_{ 1 }{ r }_{ 2 }\dots { r }_{ n-1 } } \right) +\cdots +{ m }^{ n-1 }\left( \sum _{ cyc }^{ }{ { r }_{ 1 } } \right) +{ m }^{ n }\left( \sum _{ n=1 }^{ n }{ 1 } \right) ={ \left( -1 \right) }^{ n }\frac { { m }^{ 0 }{ a }_{ 0 } }{ { a }_{ n } } +\cdots { \left( -1 \right) }^{ 1 }\frac { { m }^{ n-1 }{ a }_{ n-1 } }{ { a }_{ n } } +{ \left( -1 \right) }^{ 0 }\frac { { m }^{ n }{ a }_{ n } }{ { a }_{ n } } \\ =\sum _{ y=0 }^{ n }{ \frac { { \left( -1 \right) }^{ y }{ m }^{ n-y }{ a }_{ n-y } }{ { a }_{ n } } } \\ ={ \left( -1 \right) }^{ n }\frac { f\left( -m \right) }{ { a }_{ n } }$

Proof 2

With the basic definition of a polynomial,

${ a }_{ n }{ x }^{ n }+{ a }_{ n-1 }{ x }^{ n-1 }+\dots { a }_{ 1 }{ x }+{ a }_{ 0 }={ a }_{ n }\left( x-{ r }_{ 1 } \right) \left( x-{ r }_{ 2 } \right) \cdots \left( x-{ r }_{ n } \right)$

$\left( { r }_{ 1 }+m \right) \left( { r }_{ 2 }+m \right) \dots \left( { r }_{ n }+m \right) ={ \left( -1 \right) }^{ n }\left( -m-{ r }_{ 1 } \right) \left( -m-{ r }_{ 2 } \right) \cdots \left( -m-{ r }_{ n } \right) \\ ={ \left( -1 \right) }^{ n }\frac { f\left( -m \right) }{ { a }_{ n } }$

Broader definition

$\left( k{ r }_{ 1 }+m \right) \left( k{ r }_{ 2 }+m \right) \dots \left( { kr }_{ n }+m \right)$

for $k$ being any real or complex number.

We too also can solve this by take $k$ out in each term and then use the generalisation to solve

$\left( k{ r }_{ 1 }+m \right) \left( k{ r }_{ 2 }+m \right) \dots \left( { kr }_{ n }+m \right) ={ k }^{ n }\left( { r }_{ 1 }+\frac { m }{ k } \right) \left( { r }_{ 2 }+\frac { m }{ k } \right) \cdots \left( { r }_{ n }+\frac { m }{ k } \right) \\ ={ \left( -1 \right) }^{ n }{ k }^{ n }\frac { f\left( -\frac { m }{ k } \right) }{ { a }_{ n } } \\ ={ \left( -k \right) }^{ n }\frac { f\left( -\frac { m }{ k } \right) }{ { a }_{ n } }$

Phew...

I really do hope this note helped you in one way or another! Well, that's probably it!