The Golden Ratio: Fibonacci Ratios

Here is the previous post concerning the Golden Ratio. For a collection of all the posts concerning the Golden Ratio, click #GoldenRatio below.

Now we can talk about the Fibonacci Numbers and the Golden Ratio. As Sharky presented in the previous post, we can take the successive ratios of Fibonacci numbers and get something interesting. See the picture above. The ratios approach the golden ratio! Now that we have found an interesting fact, let's try and prove it. How do we know that they converge to the golden ratio and not some other number?

First, let's assume that the ratios converge to some number xx. Then, for really large nn, fn+1fn=x\frac{f_{n+1}}{f_n} = x. Using the definition of the Fibonacci sequence we have

x=fn+1fn=fn−1+fnfn=fn−1fn+1=1x+1x = \frac{f_{n+1}}{f_n} = \frac{f_{n-1}+f_n}{f_n} = \frac{f_{n-1}}{f_n} + 1 = \frac{1}{x} +1

This should be a very familiar equation! From this we know that x=ϕx=\phi. But there are still some problems in this proof. It is more rigorous than our original derivation, but it still is based off of many assumptions. We already assume that the ratios converge. We must prove this first to be truly rigorous. Also, not even for very large nn is fn+1fn=x\frac{f_{n+1}}{f_n} = x true. The ratios never actually reach ϕ\phi, but only approach it. Thus assumption simplified the proof, but also made it less rigorous. All in all, a better approach would be more helpful. But we will have to wait for this until we know a bit more about the nature of the Fibonacci sequence.

Take a look again at our proof though. Did it depend on which values we started? No. Thus we can conclude that any general Fibonacci-like sequence will have ratios that converge to the golden ratio.

On another note, remember the continued fraction representation of the golden ratio? Well, I want you to try an experiment. Get a calculator, and type in any nonzero number. Take the reciprocal of that number, and add 1. Take the reciprocal of that number again, and add 1. Continue this until you notice something interesting...

These set of operations take any nonzero number and converge towards the golden ratio. This is seen in the continued fraction representation, for in each step of the continued fraction, we are taking the reciprocal of what we already had, and adding 1. Except, with the method I described, its like we are starting our way at the infinity end and working our way back up. Any way, this pattern can be reflected in ϕ=1ϕ+1\phi = \frac{1}{\phi} +1. And even more interestingly, it can be seen in the proof above.

Try this same sort of idea with the infinite radical representation of ϕ\phi. The same sort of thing should happen.

Is there any other interesting things that you can derive?

Here is the next post.

#FibonacciNumbers #CosinesGroup #GoldenRatio #InfiniteSequence

Note by Bob Krueger
7 years, 4 months ago

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Comments

Nice article.

Here are some questions to consider (esp for Level 3's reading this)

1) "First, let's assume that the ratios converge to some number xx ... This assumption simplified the proof, but also made it less rigorous".

Can you prove the assumption? Must it always be true?

2) We know that this ratio must satisfy the equation x=1+1x x = 1 + \frac{1}{x} . Does this necessarily imply that it must be equal to ϕ \phi? Why, or why not?

3) Does this proof work if we allow for negative starting values? In particular, is it possible for fn f_n to be 0 infinitely often?

Calvin Lin Staff - 7 years, 4 months ago

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Thanks! I tried to come up with a not-intentionally-fallacious "proof" that would purposely serve as a bad example.

Bob Krueger - 7 years, 4 months ago
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