Towards a proof of Euler's identity

So here it goes: A sequence of complex numbers converges iff the sequences of real parts / imaginary parts converge. So let (zn)(z_n) where zn=(1+irn)nz_n =\left(1 +\frac{ir}{n}\right)^{n} where r is some real number. Now the sequence of real / imaginary parts will converge iff the sequence of absolute values converges. But since znznˉ=(1+irn)n(1irn)n=(1+r2n2)nz_n \bar{z_n} =\left(1 +\frac{ir}{n}\right)^{n}\left( 1 -\frac{ir}{n}\right)^{n} =\left(1 +\frac{r^2}{n^2}\right)^{n}, we have limnznznˉ=1 \lim\limits_{n \to \infty} z_n\bar{z_n} =1. The sequence of real parts of znz_n is given by (1+irn)n+(1irn)n2=k=0n/2r2k(1)k(n2k)n2k\begin{aligned}{} \frac{\left(1 +\frac{ir}{n}\right)^{n} +\left(1 -\frac{ir}{n}\right)^{n}}{2} &=\sum_{k=0}^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor} r^{2k}(-1)^{k}\frac{\binom{n}{2k}}{n^{2k}} \end{aligned} So what I have in mind is to show that the above sum converges to cosr\cos{r} as n grows to infinity.

#Calculus

Note by A Former Brilliant Member
3 years, 5 months ago

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