I'm sure most of you have heard of trig identities involving sin(x), cos(x),tan(x), etc...
But what about complex trigonometry? Specifically the trig function cis(x).
This function is short hand for cos(x)+isin(x) for those of you who haven't met it before. It's used mainly to represent and calculate complex numbers.
So what happens if you add two cis(x) functions together? What about subtraction, multiplication, division, how does this all affect the cis(x) function?
Before we get started, I'm going to list the identities I already know which involve this function. These and all future identities will be in boxes.
cis(x)=exi
(cis(x))n=cis(nx)
Let's first expand on that second one. What if we replace n with a complex number?
(cis(x))a+bi
Knowing that cis(x)=exi really helps here.
(exi)a+bi
e(a+bi)xi
eaxi−bx
ebxeaxi
ebxcis(ax)
(cis(x))a+bi=ebxcis(ax)
So now that that's updated we can go on to find new identities.
We'll start with multiplication.
cis(x)cis(y)
exieyi
e(x+y)i
cis(x+y)
cis(x)cis(y)=cis(x+y)
Now division.
cis(y)cis(x)
eyiexi
exie−yi
e(x−y)i
cis(x−y)
cis(y)cis(x)=cis(x−y)
Alright so those are done now. Next is addition and subtraction.
cis(x)+cis(y)
cis(x)(1+cis(x)cis(y))
cis(x)(1+cis(y−x))
cis(x)+cis(y)=cis(x)(1+cis(y−x))
And finally subtraction.
cis(x)−cis(y)
cis(x)(1−cis(x)cis(y))
cis(x)(1−cis(y−x))
cis(x)−cis(y)=cis(x)(1−cis(y−x))
That's all for now, if there's any you think I've missed, please tell.
Edit: I forgot one: arccis(x)
cis(x)=exi
lncis(x)=xi
ilncis(x)=x
−1ilncis(x)=x
−ilncis(x)=x
x=−ilncis(x)
Replace x with arccis(x) and cis(x) with x
arccis(x)=−ilnx
Here's the new list of identities:
cis(x)=exi
(cis(x))a+bi=ebxcis(ax)
cis(x)(cis(y))±1=cis(x±y)
cis(x)±cis(y)=cis(x)(1±cis(y−x))
arccis(x)=−ilnx
#Algebra
Easy Math Editor
This discussion board is a place to discuss our Daily Challenges and the math and science related to those challenges. Explanations are more than just a solution — they should explain the steps and thinking strategies that you used to obtain the solution. Comments should further the discussion of math and science.
When posting on Brilliant:
*italics*
or_italics_
**bold**
or__bold__
paragraph 1
paragraph 2
[example link](https://brilliant.org)
> This is a quote
\(
...\)
or\[
...\]
to ensure proper formatting.2 \times 3
2^{34}
a_{i-1}
\frac{2}{3}
\sqrt{2}
\sum_{i=1}^3
\sin \theta
\boxed{123}
Comments
This is a great introduction to complex trigonometric functions. Can you add that to the page?