In each , we use a distinct digit: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
What is the right hand side?
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The single digit in □ can't be 1 , 5 , 6 because If you multiply a two-digit number by 1, you get the same number. If you multiply a two-digit number by 6, with last digit 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , you'll get a number ending in 6,2,8,4,0 and this implies that this case is impossible . If you multiply a two-digit number by 5, the last digit will end in 0, 5,. So this case is impossible too, (why?).
Therefore, the single digit in □ is 2 , 3 or 4 . Playing a little bit, you'll get 5 4 × 3 = 1 6 2 .
Final review.- We just only have the digits 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 and we can just only use it once. If you multiply a two-digit number A by 2 , to get a 3-digit number, A must start with 5 or 6. But, then what happens?... ( 6 5 × 2 = 1 3 0 , uff, you/we almost get it :)... )
If you multiply a two-digit number A by 4 , to get a 3-digit number, A must start with 3,5 or 6. But, then what happens?... If A start at 3, what happens?... If A start with 5 , you'll get a three digit number starting at 2, and if you multiply a number by 4 with last digit 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 you'll get a number ending in 4,8, 2, 0, 4. For example, ( 5 3 × 4 = 2 1 2 ,uff, you/we almost get it :)...). If A start at 6 , you'll get a three digit number starting at 2. For example, ( 6 3 × 4 = 2 5 2 ,uff, you almost get it :)...).
So, we only can use 3 like single digit in □ . If you multiply a two-digit number A by 3, to get a 3-digit number, A must start at 4,5 or 6. A two digit number ending in 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 multiplied by 3, you'll get a number ending in 3,6,2,5,8. This implies that the two digit number can't start at 4 (why?) (Hint: Use hit, hit and trial... 4 2 × 3 = 1 2 6 uff, you/we almost get it).The two digit number can't start at 6, either, (Why?) (Hint: this time don't use hit and trial) . Therefore, The only possibility is 5 4 × 3 = 1 6 2