The smallest regular hexagon that can hold five unit circles has a side length .
Enter the first 4 non-zero digits of .
If is exactly 3, enter 0.
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We seek the length A B = N K e t c . Call this length x . The plan: find the lengths of the legs in terms of x of right △ C G F which has hypotenuse 2 . The Pythagorean Theorem will give an equation we can solve for x .
There are many 30-60-90 right triangles. I can use the ratios to find many of the lengths in the picture.
D I = H J = E C = M F = 1 , I B = 3 , K J = K L = 3 / 3 , R C = P O = 2 3 / 3 , F D = 2 , P O = O M = x / 2 .
G M = 3 x / 2 so G F = 2 3 x − 1
J I = H D = x − 4 3 / 3 , ∠ F H D = 1 2 0 , ∠ H F D = θ , ∠ F D H = 6 0 − θ .
Solving △ F H D as it is S s A is a bear. I'll leave out most of the details. Using the law of sines to find θ and then again will allow us to find an expression for F H : Simplified as much as possible F H = 2 1 6 − 3 x 2 + 2 3 x − 2 x + 3 2 3
O N = x / 2 − 2 3 / 3
O M = C G = 2 x − 3 5 3 − 2 1 6 − 3 x 2 + 2 3 x
Now for that Pythagorean theorem! I'll spare some more gory details. C G 2 + F G 2 = 2 2 simplifies to
0 = 4 x 2 − 3 1 7 3 x + 3 1 6 + ( − 8 x + 3 2 0 3 ) 1 6 − 3 x 2 + 2 3 x You can solve this numerically, but to try for an exact form let's get this to a polynomial.
Move the square root term to one side, square both sides, then simplify to the quartic polynomial equation:
6 3 x 4 − 2 1 9 3 x 3 + 7 2 9 x 2 − 2 8 6 3 x + 6 4 = 0
s is the greatest of the four real solutions to this equation. Wolfram|Alpha can give the exact form, but they aren't pretty.
s ≈ 2 . 9 9 9 3 5 5 3 9 9 so ∣ s − 3 ∣ ≈ 0 . 0 0 0 6 4 4 6 0 1 and the first 4 non-zero digits are 6 4 4 6