A DC voltage source excites an RLC circuit, as shown. At time t = 0 , the inductors and capacitors are de-energized. The quantity I S is the current flowing out of the DC source. Let I S 0 be the value of I S at time t = 0 . Let I S ∞ be the limiting value of I S as the elapsed time approaches infinity. Let I S m i n and I S m a x be the smallest and largest values of I S over all time.
Determine the value of Q :
Q = I S 0 I S m i n ( I S m a x − I S ∞ )
Details and Assumptions:
1)
All
R
L
C
values are
1
.
V
S
=
1
0
2)
All four current values are positive
3)
The circuit shown is a modified version of a circuit from
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@Steven Chase Sir how are you? Are you alright? I have seen the cases in America are increasing very fastly.
I'm doing well, thanks. Hopefully you are too.
Currents and charges on the capacitor are as shown in the diagram. As charge accumulates in the capacitors, one obtains:
Q ˙ 1 = I 1 ; Q ˙ 2 = I 2 ; Q ˙ 3 = I 3
From Kirchoff's current law:
I = I 6 + I 7 I 7 = I 1 + I 5 I 1 + I 6 = I 2 + I 8 I 8 = I 3 + I 4
From Kirchoff's voltage law, ignoring all passive element notation, as they all have a value of unity, one gets:
− V S + I 7 + I 5 + I ˙ 5 = 0 I ˙ 6 + I 6 = I 7 + Q 1 I ˙ 4 = I 2 + Q 2 I ˙ 4 = Q 3 Q 1 + I 2 + Q 2 = I 5 + I ˙ 5
This system of equations can be re-arranged to obtain a sixth-order state-space form. However, this re-arrangement has been avoided. These differential-algebraic equations are numerically integrated to obtain the required result which is as follows:
The required answer turns out to be:
Q ≈ 2 0 . 4 1 4 6
@Karan Chatrath What's the difference between code and numerical integration. I am very excited to do numerical integration.
@Karan Chatrath How you do numerical integration??
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Numerical integration comprises of techniques used to solve integrals and differential equations, especially those which do not have exact solutions, on in cases when solving for the exact solution is time-intensive, such as this problem. I perform numerical integration by writing a few lines of code. So while solving double/triple integrals or the above circuit, I numerically integrate by writing code. In this context, code and numerical integration are terms I use interchangeably.
As for how I perform it, you can refer to any of the solutions posted earlier. The theory of numerical integration can be easily found all over the internet.
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@Karan Chatrath Sir which rule did you use in numerical integration like Simmons/3rd rule, trapezoid rule???
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@A Former Brilliant Member – Both Trapezoidal and Simpson's rule are useful methods. I frequently use the Explicit Euler integration method.
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I will post my solution as well, since there are minor stylistic differences relative to the solution given by @Karan Chatrath . The state space representation is:
V L 1 = V S − R 1 I L 1 − V C 3 = L 1 I ˙ L 1 V L 2 = V C 3 + V C 1 − R 3 I L 2 = L 2 I ˙ L 2 V L 3 = V C 3 = L 3 I ˙ L 3 I R 2 = R 2 V S − ( V C 3 + V C 1 ) I C 1 = I R 2 − I L 2 = C 1 V ˙ C 1 I R 4 = R 4 V C 3 − V C 2 I C 2 = I R 4 = C 2 V ˙ C 2 I C 3 = I L 1 + I C 1 − I R 4 − I L 3 = C 3 V ˙ C 3
Isolate the time derivatives of state variables ( I L 1 , I L 2 , I L 3 , V C 1 , V C 2 , V C 3 ) and numerically integrate. Then the source current is:
I S = I L 1 + I R 2