A cool "Number of terms" problem!

Find the number of terms in the expansion of ( w + x + y + z ) 10 , (w+x+y+z)^{10}, if w , x , y , z w,x,y,z are independent variables.


The answer is 286.

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2 solutions

Som Ghosh
Jul 24, 2015

Guys there is a better solution, every term of this expansion can be written as 10 ! a ! b ! c ! d ! w a x b y c z d s u c h t h a t , a + b + c + d = 10 \frac { 10! }{ a!b!c!d! } { w }^{ a }{ x }^{ b }{ y }^{ c }{ z }^{ d }\\ such\quad that,\quad a+b+c+d\quad =\quad 10 Here we are not bother about the coefficient, so the number of terms is the solution of the condition given below. No of non-negative solution of the equation a + b + c + d = 10 a+b+c+d = 10 is ( 10 4 + 1 4 1 ) = 286 \left( \begin{matrix} 10-4+1 \\ 4-1 \end{matrix} \right) =286

This solution is just formulae,my solution has no formulae!

Adarsh Kumar - 5 years, 10 months ago

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Think a bit, it's directly coming from intuition, any term in the expansion should be in w a x b y c z d { w }^{ a }{ x }^{ b }{ y }^{ c }{ z }^{ d } format and total power can't exceed 10, so the constraint also comes into picture. The non-negative solution of the equation a + b + c + d = 10 a+b+c+d =10 is pretty easy, I don't think we need any formula for that.

Som Ghosh - 5 years, 10 months ago

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It is directly coming from 'institution' ? (I think it is a typo)

Well, the formula directly comes from Stars and Bars.

Venkata Karthik Bandaru - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Venkata Karthik Bandaru Exactly you are right and sorry for the Typo.

Som Ghosh - 5 years, 10 months ago
Adarsh Kumar
Jul 24, 2015

Here we divide ( w + x + y + z ) (w+x+y+z) into ( w + x ) + ( y + z ) (w+x)+(y+z) ,now we take the n t h n^{th} term of the binomial expansion(without the co-efficient),(since now there are only two terms),: ( w + x ) n × ( y + z ) 10 n (w+x)^{n}\times(y+z)^{10-n} ,here we have neglected the co-efficient as it will have no effect on the number of terms. Now,we notice that the first part i.e ( w + x ) n (w+x)^n has n + 1 n+1 terms and the latter part has 10 n + 1 = 11 n 10-n+1=11-n terms.Hence the product would have ( n + 1 ) ( 11 n ) (n+1)(11-n) terms,hence the n t h n^{th} term has n 2 + 10 n + 11 -n^2+10n+11 terms.Now,we just have to add this expression with n n ranging from 0 10 0\rightarrow 10 i.e. n = 0 10 n 2 + 10 n + 11 = ( 10 × 11 × 21 6 + 10 ( 10 × 11 2 ) + 11 × 11 ) = 286 \sum_{n=0}^{10}-n^2+10n+11\\ =-\left(\dfrac{10\times11\times21}{6}+10\left(\dfrac{10\times11}{2}\right)+11\times11\right)\\ =286 .And done!

Moderator note:

As you realized, this is unnecessarily complicated. We can use stars and bars directly.

Using Multinomial theorem, we can directly say that the no. of terms in the expansion of ( x 1 + x 2 + . . . + x r ) n (x_1+x_2+...+x_r)^n is ( n + r 1 r 1 ) \binom{n+r-1}{r-1} .

So, here no. of terms is = ( 10 + 4 1 4 1 ) = ( 13 3 ) = 286 \binom{10+4-1}{4-1}=\binom{13}{3}=286 .

where ( n r ) = n ! r ! ( n r ) ! \binom nr =\dfrac{n!}{r!(n-r)!} .

Btw, nice solution. Great, keep it up!

Sandeep Bhardwaj - 5 years, 10 months ago

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Yes,quite true,that is what @Som Ghosh pointed out.BTW thanx!

Adarsh Kumar - 5 years, 10 months ago

Nice solution ! Why don't you also include the final summation ?

Venkata Karthik Bandaru - 5 years, 10 months ago

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Ok!I am writing it!Thanx!

Adarsh Kumar - 5 years, 10 months ago

Done!How is it looking?

Adarsh Kumar - 5 years, 10 months ago

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Amazing ! Good job :).

Venkata Karthik Bandaru - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Venkata Karthik Bandaru Thanx man! You want an integration problem?

Adarsh Kumar - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Adarsh Kumar Well, not much into Calculus as of now, just preparing for RMO.

Venkata Karthik Bandaru - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Venkata Karthik Bandaru Ohk!No problem!

Adarsh Kumar - 5 years, 10 months ago

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