A Family of Cubics

Algebra Level 4

Let the general cubic polynomial with integer coefficients f ( x ) = a x 3 + b x 2 + c x + d f(x)=ax^3+bx^2+cx+d have the trait that f ( 1 ) = 2 k f(1)=2k for some integer k k . Does there exist a k k such that f ( x ) f(x) has the factor a x 2 + ( c d ) x + d ax^2+(c-d)x+d ?

No such k k exists Yes, k = a + c k=a+c . Yes, k = a + d k=a+d . Yes, k = a + b k=a+b .

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2 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Sep 19, 2016

f ( x ) = a x 3 + b x 2 + c x + d f ( 1 ) = a + b + c + d 2 k = a + b + c + d \begin{aligned} f(x) & = ax^3+bx^2+cx+d \\ \implies f(1) & = a+b+c+d \\ 2k & = a+b+c+d \end{aligned}

If f ( x ) f(x) has the factor a x 2 + ( c d ) x + d ax^2+(c-d)x+d , we can assume:

f ( x ) = ( x g ) ( a x 2 + ( c d ) x + d ) = a x 3 + ( c d a g ) x 2 + ( d c g + d g ) x d g \begin{aligned} f(x) & = (x-g)(ax^2+(c-d)x+d) \\ & = ax^3 + (c-d-ag)x^2 + (d-cg+dg)x -dg \end{aligned}

Equating coefficients, from the constant term, we have g = 1 \color{#3D99F6}{g=-1} ; and from the x 2 x^2 term,

b = c d a g g = 1 b + d = a + c a + b + c + d = 2 a + 2 c 2 k = 2 ( a + c ) \begin{aligned} b & = c-d-a\color{#3D99F6}{g} & \small \color{#3D99F6}{g=-1} \\ b+d & = a+c \\ a+b+c+d & = 2a+2c \\ 2k & = 2(a+c) \end{aligned}

Yes, k = a + c \ \implies \boxed{\text{Yes, }k=a+c}

Frank Giordano
Sep 18, 2016

this facebook video explains the Game of G-filtered Polycules for Cubics; leave a comment.

What is G-filtered Polycules?

Pi Han Goh - 4 years, 8 months ago

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it's a process I designed to rational factor a polynomial of any degree. I'm using it now to reverse engineer Math problems to see if there are any other processes out there to solve these problems. If you're on facebook I can invite you to the G-filtered Polycules group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/factorthis/

Frank Giordano - 4 years, 8 months ago

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That is not possible. By Galois Theory, we can show that not all polynomials of degree 5 or above can be expressed as algebraic numbers.

Pi Han Goh - 4 years, 8 months ago

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@Pi Han Goh G-filtered Polycules will reveal all rational factors of any polynomial if they exist. If none are found via G-fP then the polynomial has no rational factors (or rational roots). I'm gonna read about Galois Theory, Thanks !!! This facebook video explains the Game of G-filtered Polycules for Cubics; leave a comment: https://www.facebook.com/TruSpot/videos/vb.1021243805/10208395010805791/?type=2

Frank Giordano - 4 years, 8 months ago

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@Frank Giordano Your algorithm is either wrong or unnecessarily complicated. A simple rational root theorem should do the trick.

Pi Han Goh - 4 years, 8 months ago

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@Pi Han Goh Well, the G-filter is called a filter because it filters out the Rational Root Theorem (RRT) 'roots' that are impossible. So you check every root revealed by the RRT in a 7th degree polynomial, and I'll use a G-filter, and we'll compare notes on which is "simpler" !o!

Frank Giordano - 4 years, 8 months ago

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@Frank Giordano is this "filter" of yours rigorous? has this been peer -reviewed by other mathematicians?

Pi Han Goh - 4 years, 8 months ago

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@Pi Han Goh it can be taught to Junior High School graduates before they enter High School.

Frank Giordano - 4 years, 8 months ago

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@Frank Giordano You didn't answer my question.

Pi Han Goh - 4 years, 8 months ago

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@Pi Han Goh i answered one of them lol

Frank Giordano - 4 years, 8 months ago

@Pi Han Goh https://brilliant.org/problems/successive-cubic-rational-root/

Frank Giordano - 4 years, 8 months ago

@Pi Han Goh how would you solve this problem: https://brilliant.org/problems/filtering-the-rational-root-theorem/?ref_id=1261522

Frank Giordano - 4 years, 8 months ago

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@Frank Giordano Just apply intermediate value theorem .

Pi Han Goh - 4 years, 8 months ago

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@Pi Han Goh tough crowd lol. try this one: https://brilliant.org/problems/prime-cubic-root-2/

Frank Giordano - 4 years, 8 months ago

get the latest version of "G-filtered Polycules" here: https://www.facebook.com/groups/factorthis/

Frank Giordano - 4 years, 7 months ago

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