Determine maximum value

Algebra Level 3

For some positive reals satisfying i = 1 24 x i = 1 \displaystyle{ \sum_{i=1}^{24} x_i=1} , determine the maximum possible value of ( i = 1 24 x i ) ( i = 1 24 1 1 + x i ) . \displaystyle{ \left (\sum_{i=1}^{24}\sqrt{x_i} \right ) \left (\sum_{i=1}^{24} \frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x_i}} \right )}.


The answer is 115.2.

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4 solutions

Jubayer Nirjhor
Mar 26, 2015

By the Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality , ( i = 1 n x i ) ( i = 1 n 1 1 + x i ) ( i = 1 n ( x i 1 + x i ) 1 / 4 ) 2 . \left(\sum_{i=1}^n\sqrt{x_i}\right)\left(\sum_{i=1}^n\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1+x_i}}\right)\le \left(\sum_{i=1}^n \left(\dfrac{x_i}{1+x_i}\right)^{1/4}\right)^2. It's not hard to show that y = ( x 1 + x ) 1 / 4 y=\left(\dfrac{x}{1+x}\right)^{1/4} is concave on [ 0 , ) [0,\infty) . Hence, by Jensen's Inequality and using the hypothesis x i = 1 \sum x_i=1 we have i = 1 n ( x i 1 + x i ) 1 / 4 n ( 1 n x i 1 + 1 n x i ) 1 / 4 = n ( n + 1 ) 1 / 4 . \sum_{i=1}^n \left(\dfrac{x_i}{1+x_i}\right)^{1/4}\le n\left(\dfrac{\frac{1}{n}\sum x_i}{1+\frac{1}{n}\sum x_i}\right)^{1/4}=\dfrac{n}{(n+1)^{1/4}}. Combining everything ( i = 1 n x i ) ( i = 1 n 1 1 + x i ) ( i = 1 n ( x i 1 + x i ) 1 / 4 ) 2 n 2 n + 1 . \left(\sum_{i=1}^n\sqrt{x_i}\right)\left(\sum_{i=1}^n\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1+x_i}}\right)\le \left(\sum_{i=1}^n \left(\dfrac{x_i}{1+x_i}\right)^{1/4}\right)^2\le \dfrac{n^2}{\sqrt{n+1}}. Equality occurs at x i = 1 / n x_i=1/n for all i i . Our case is n = 24 n=24 , giving an answer of 2 4 2 25 = 115.2. \frac{24^2}{\sqrt{25}} = 115.2.

It looks like you have applied Cauchy-Schwarz in the incorrect direction.

Eli Ross Staff - 5 years, 5 months ago

your Cauchy-Schwarz is reversed

Reynan Henry - 4 years, 5 months ago

The Cauchy Schwarz inequality states the opposite thing what you have stated.

Ritwik Roy - 3 years, 1 month ago
Math Man
Mar 8, 2015

The NOOB way

change 24 to 1. Clearly, x 1 = 1 x_1=1 . So, the value is 1 2 1 + 1 . \dfrac{1^2}{\sqrt{1+1}} .

Change 24 to 2 ,assume x 1 = x 2 = 1 2 . s i m i l a r y , t h e v a l u e i s 2 2 2 + 1 . x_1=x_2=\dfrac{1}{2}. similary, the value is \dfrac{2^2}{\sqrt{2+1}} .

So the answer is 2 4 2 24 + 1 . \dfrac{24^2}{\sqrt{24+1}} . = 115.2

sorry noobish way

math man - 6 years, 3 months ago

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Can you explain why the maximum must occur when all of the variable are equal?

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 3 months ago

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Maybe AM-GM works. But I don't know how to. Takes a long time to analyse it. Newbie for inequalities

Figel Ilham - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@Figel Ilham I believe that you can prove it with Rearrangment and then Jensens .

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@Calvin Lin Thanks for your hints

Figel Ilham - 6 years, 3 months ago

@Calvin Lin Alternatively we can use Cauchy-Schwarz on the sum of square roots in the following way: this sum squared is at most

( x 1 + 1 + x 2 + 2 + . . . ) ( x 1 x 1 + 1 + x 2 x 2 + 2 + . . . ) (x_{1}+1+x_{2}+2+...)(\frac {x_{1}}{x_{1}+1}+\frac {x_{2}}{x_{2}+2}+...) . However the solution would take a long time to be typed out.

Joel Tan - 6 years, 3 months ago

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@Joel Tan Yes, that is essentially the idea. From your equation, apply Rearrangment, because x + 1 x + 1 and x x + 1 = 1 1 x + 1 \frac{ x}{x+1} = 1 - \frac{1}{x+1} are similarly ordered, and so bounded above.

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 3 months ago

Sadly no ._.

math man - 6 years, 3 months ago

sorry is 22^2/sqr(24+1) = 115.2? I tot it is 96.8

Foo Tun Jing - 1 year, 10 months ago

is it a typo? it should be 24^2/sqr(24+1)

Foo Tun Jing - 1 year, 10 months ago

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Thanks. I've made that edit.

Calvin Lin Staff - 1 year, 10 months ago

But i have my doubts in my solution, cause the first factor i got the max value, but in the second one i just got the value, so if someone please could offer a best answer would be much appreciated.

Moderator note:

As pointed out in the comments, this solution is incorrect.

There is something wrong (which makes this problem hard): B had a minimum value while A has a maximum. This makes it impossible to conclude the maximum value of AB.

Joel Tan - 6 years, 3 months ago

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Right. He has A x A \geq x and y B y \geq B and then concluded that A B x y AB \geq xy .

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 3 months ago

The product you have done is wrong. It violates the rules of inequalities.

Ritwik Roy - 3 years, 1 month ago

I think somehow we need to use the fact that x i > 0 x_i>0

Anindya Biswas - 9 months, 1 week ago
Magnas Bera
Jun 19, 2019

This one is bit lengthy by cauchy-swarchz (∑xᵢ)(1+1+1+1+1......)≥(∑(√(xᵢ))²(1 is added 24 times) ⇒1x24≥(∑(√(xᵢ))² ⇒√(24)≥(∑(√(xᵢ)).....(i) now we will find the min value of the other expression then miltiply the both (∑1/1+xᵢ)(1+1+1......)≥(∑(√(1+xᵢ))².....(ii) we have to use titu s lemma on (∑1/1+xᵢ) (1/x₁+1)+(1/x₂+1)..(1/x₂₄+1)≥((1+1+1+1....)²/(∑1+xᵢ)) ⇒(1/x₁+1)+(1/x₂+1)..(1/x₂₄+1)≥24²/25 put the value in equation (ii) (24²/25)×24≥(∑(√(1+xᵢ))² ⇒√(24³)/5≥∑(√(1+xᵢ)) multiply (i)and( ii) 24²/5≥∑(√(1+xᵢ)(∑(√(xᵢ)) ⇒576/5 =115.2

This solution is incorrect at (ii). Check the signs properly.

Barinya Seresirikachorn - 1 year, 1 month ago

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