But they are fractions

Algebra Level 2

1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + 1 2 9 + = ? \large \frac { 1 }{ { 2 }^{ 3 } } +\frac { 1 }{ { 2 }^{ 6 } } +\frac { 1 }{ { 2 }^{ 9 } } + \cdots = \, ?

1 7 \frac17 1 6 \frac16 1 5 \frac15 1 4 \frac14

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22 solutions

Let S = 1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + 1 2 9 + \large S = \frac{1}{2^3} + \frac{1}{2^6} + \frac{1}{2^9} + \ldots
2 3 × S = 1 + 1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + 1 2 9 + \large 2^3\times S = 1 + \frac{1}{2^3} + \frac{1}{2^6} + \frac{1}{2^9} + \ldots
8 S = 1 + S \large 8S = 1 + S
S = 1 7 \large S = \frac{1}{7}

Wow I'm impressed by the idea behind this type of problem. Thank you for the clear explanation

frz Arkam - 5 years, 1 month ago

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this is clear to you?

Jorge Gomez - 3 years, 5 months ago

nice method bro,you can also try this in this method 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + . . . \sqrt{6+\sqrt{6+\sqrt{6+\sqrt{6+...}}}}

Sanjeet Patro - 5 years, 1 month ago

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X=√6+x X²=6+x

Felipe Cavalcanti - 5 years, 1 month ago

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yes, you are correct.Now solve the above equation to get the answer

Sanjeet Patro - 5 years, 1 month ago

i totally agree with u

ommkar priyadarshi - 5 years, 1 month ago

X^2=6+x ------>[X=3] 👍👍👍👍

Anas Kudsi - 3 years, 7 months ago

X² - X - 6 = 0. Two solutions [X = 3] and [X = -2] ?

Charlie Pu - 2 years, 11 months ago

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Yes,thats right :)

Purvi Ganvir - 1 week, 5 days ago

oh really?

Graidvel Gomar Gama - 12 months ago

s = sqrt ( 6 + sqrt ( 6 + ... s^2 = 6 + s so solve for this quadratic equation (s^2) - s -6 = 0 (s-3)(s+2) = 0 , s = 3 or s = -2

Harshith Kanumuri - 3 months ago

Cannot understand ....

Can anyone help me

Jaagrati Jain - 5 years ago

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ya sure..if we take out a glass of water from a ocean or a sea.we cannot say that sea level has decreased.relate this to the question.so if we take out a part from infinity it retains it property. let x=1/ 2 3 2^{3} +1/ 2 6 2^{6} +1/ 2 9 2^{9} ..., now multiply 2 3 2^{3} with x, 2 3 × x 2^{3} \times x you will get 2 3 × x 2^{3} \times x = 1+1/ 2 3 2^{3} +1/ 2 6 2^{6} +1/ 2 9 2^{9} ... now substitute the value of x i.e. 8x=1+x,x=1/7

Sanjeet Patro - 5 years ago

Thank u so much.. grt

Johan George - 5 years ago

wonderful question,thank you

Somnath Panda - 5 years ago

Where does the 2^3 that's multiplying the 8 come from? And the 1?

Fernanda Dantas - 5 years ago

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It's the creative part of algebra. Both sides get multiplied by 2^3 (which is 8 - that's where the 8x on the next line comes from) because this cancels the denominator of the first fraction (2^3 / 2^3 = 1). But it's not just the first term that gets multiplied by 2^3, it's the whole right side. So 2^3/2^3 + 2^3/2^6 + 2^3/2^9 + ... simplifies to 1 + 1/2^3 + 1/2^6 + ... Make sense now?

joel darr - 4 years, 8 months ago

not able to understand at all..please anyone help me by applying a simpler method

Vivin Vadehra - 4 years, 11 months ago

Brilliant idea!!!!

Shravani Sardeshpande - 4 years, 8 months ago

XCELENT!!!!

revanth themidithapati - 4 years, 3 months ago

U can also do this by using Geometric progression(GP) with common ratio(r) 1/8.....Then applying formula for infinite sum of a GP I.e.=a/(1-r).......Where a is the first term hence 1/8÷(1-1/8)=1/7

Ankur Verma - 4 years, 1 month ago

Totally brilliant solution. So simple

Brendan Reilly - 3 years, 7 months ago

Holy shit, never thought about that

I A M F A K E - 3 years, 4 months ago

I keep forgetting that. Add 0 or multiply by 1. That's how you solve the problem.

Robert Groff - 3 years, 3 months ago

Brilliant Idea!

Ido Sharon - 1 year, 6 months ago

Nicely Nicely very nicely

Luis Chacolla - 1 year, 1 month ago

I'm confused about the 1, where does it come from?

Skydes Skydes Baipaakanyi - 1 year, 1 month ago

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He simply multiplied (1 over 2 cubed) with (the original sum requested (S) ) and we know that the first term in the original sum (S) is 1 over 2 cubed. so (2 cubed) times (one over 2 cubed) is 1. And so on with the rest of the terms in the { (2 cubed) times (the original sum (S)) }

Al-Hamza Omar - 1 year ago

2+4+8+16+......=S 2[1+2+4+8+16+.....]=S 2[1+S]=S S=-2 Answer is wrong because we add positive number, and I get sum as negative number. If this method use to solve the infinity problem then what wrong happen with this problem.

Aman Raj - 1 year ago

Nice, Is this possibly the most upvoted solution on Brilliant?

Mahdi Raza - 1 year ago

Sorry guys I dont get how S/8 becomes 1/56, could someone explain the last part to me plzz?🙏

Gabriel Safweh - 10 months ago

Wow nice job, can't understand why when x=infinity isn't the answer 0 ?

Thibault Meyers - 5 years, 1 month ago

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it is because if we take out a glass of water from a ocean or a sea.we cannot say that sea level has decreased.relate this to the question.

Sanjeet Patro - 5 years, 1 month ago

Notice that you are adding to 1/8 and yes the numbers added are getting infinitely smaller but the limit is 1/7.

Alex Harman - 5 years ago

The elegance and simplicity of this solution is honestly stunning. It should be noted, however, that for the addition in step 3 is ONLY valid if we assume S S is convergent. [Of course, we can infer this from the fact 1 2 3 < 1 | \frac {1}{2^3} | < 1 , but for the sake of rigour it should be clarified.]

Joshua Nesseth - 4 years, 7 months ago
Prakhar Gupta
Jul 5, 2014

As we can see that it is a infinite GP Series: S = 1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + 1 2 9 + S=\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dfrac{1}{2^6}+\dfrac{1}{2^9}+\ldots Its sum has the formula: S = a 1 r S=\dfrac{a}{1-r} Here a = 1 8 a=\frac{1}{8} and r= 1 8 \frac{1}{8} . Therefore: S = 1 8 1 1 8 S=\dfrac{\frac{1}{8}}{1-\frac{1}{8}} S = 1 8 1 S=\dfrac{1}{8-1} S = 1 7 \boxed{S=\dfrac{1}{7}}

What does r refers to?

Tam Jing Xuan - 6 years, 11 months ago

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" r " refers Common ratio

Pankaj Nirwan - 6 years, 11 months ago

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How to take out common ratio ? please tell me

Yashu Sahu - 5 years, 4 months ago

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@Yashu Sahu 1/(2^6) - 1/(2^3)

Afif Yoga Pradana - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Afif Yoga Pradana @Afif Yoga Pradana (1/(2^6))/(1/(2^3)) You divide two consecutive terms, you do not subtract.

Mathemagician Dani - 4 years, 9 months ago

Prove the formula

Bazmi Farooquee - 6 years, 11 months ago

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We were asked to calculate A = 1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + 1 2 9 + . . . A = \frac{1}{2^3} + \frac{1}{2^6} + \frac{1}{2^9} + ... .

Now, notice that A = a + a r + a r 2 + . . . A = a + ar + ar^2 + ... for a = 1 2 3 a=\frac{1}{2^3} and r = 1 2 3 r=\frac{1}{2^3} .

Define S ( n ) S(n) :

S ( n ) = k = 0 n 1 a r k S(n) = \sum _{ k=0 }^{ n-1 }{ a{ r }^{ k } }

Multiply both sides by ( 1 r ) (1-r) :

( 1 r ) S ( n ) = ( 1 r ) a k = 0 n 1 r k (1-r)S(n) = (1-r)a\sum _{ k=0 }^{ n-1 }{ { r }^{ k } }

( 1 r ) S ( n ) = a [ ( 1 r ) k = 0 n 1 r k ] (1-r)S(n) = a[(\color{#D61F06}{1}-\color{#EC7300}{r})\sum _{ k=0 }^{ n-1 }{ { r }^{ k } }]

( 1 r ) S ( n ) = a ( k = 0 n 1 r k r k = 0 n 1 r k ) (1-r)S(n) = a(\color{#D61F06}{\sum _{ k=0 }^{ n-1 }{ { r }^{ k } }}-\color{#EC7300}{r\sum _{ k=0 }^{ n-1 }{ { r }^{ k } }})

( 1 r ) S ( n ) = a ( k = 0 n 1 r k k = 1 n r k ) (1-r)S(n) = a(\color{#D61F06}{\sum _{ k=0 }^{ n-1 }{ { r }^{ k } }}-\color{#EC7300}{\sum _{ k=1 }^{ n }{ { r }^{ k } }})

( 1 r ) S ( n ) = a ( 1 + k = 1 n 1 r k ( r n + k = 1 n 1 r k ) ) (1-r)S(n) = a(\color{#D61F06}{1 + \sum _{ k=1 }^{ n-1 }{ { r }^{ k } }} - (\color{#EC7300}{r^n+\sum _{ k=1 }^{ n-1 }{ { r }^{ k } }}))

( 1 r ) S ( n ) = a ( 1 r n ) (1-r)S(n) = a(\color{#D61F06}{1} - \color{#EC7300}{r^n})

S ( n ) = a 1 r n 1 r S(n) = a\frac{1 - r^n}{1-r}

We want to calculate A = lim n S ( n ) A = \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}{S(n)} . Notice that for 1 < r < 1 -1 < r < 1 , when n n \rightarrow \infty , r n 0 r^n \rightarrow 0 . Since this is the case in A A , we have:

A = a 1 1 r A = a\frac{1}{1-r}

Rafael Perrella - 6 years ago

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Bien explicado y presentado

Jaime Maldonado - 5 years, 7 months ago

I also used this technique to check my work, but recall that this problem is in the algebra section. Likely, the trick used in the other top-rated comment was intended and more appropriate.

Mauricio Arreola-Garcia - 5 years, 5 months ago

Prakhar r u bitsat topper what is your score

Ankit Veer - 4 years, 11 months ago

This one was digestible. 😀

Yash Lakdawala - 4 years, 11 months ago

What does 'a' refer to? The 1st number?

Tihmily Kim - 4 years, 4 months ago

That's the correct way

Nithya Yamasinghe - 2 years, 5 months ago
Rakshit Pandey
Jul 16, 2014

Let as assume that
1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + 1 2 9 + . . . = x \frac{1}{2^3} + \frac{1}{2^6} + \frac{1}{2^9} + ... = x
Taking 1 2 3 \frac{1}{2^3} out as a common factor from the left hand side, we get,
1 2 3 [ 1 + 1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + 1 2 9 + . . . ] = x \frac{1}{2^3}[1+\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^6}+\frac{1}{2^9}+...]=x
1 2 3 [ 1 + x ] = x \Rightarrow \frac{1}{2^3}[1+x]=x
1 + x = ( 2 3 ) x \Rightarrow 1+x=(2^3)x
1 = 8 x x \Rightarrow 1=8x-x
7 x = 1 \Rightarrow 7x=1
x = 1 7 \Rightarrow x= \frac{1}{7}
1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + 1 2 9 + . . . = 1 7 \Rightarrow \frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^6}+\frac{1}{2^9}+...=\frac{1}{7}

This is the only explanation that makes sense and is simple. Thank you for your kindness, Sir.

Antoine Colson - 5 years, 3 months ago

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My pleasure!

Rakshit Pandey - 5 years, 1 month ago

That's how I also solved it.

Amedeo Amato - 4 years, 11 months ago

can understand the solution but i am a bit confused. why take 1 over 2 the power of 3 as the common factor please help

Charmi NAGAR [10R06M] - 4 years, 9 months ago

Nice explanation

Micheal Koomson - 4 years, 6 months ago

Beautifully explained.

Paula Hilby - 3 years, 10 months ago

Now i'm clear :)

Ayatullah khamini - 2 years, 10 months ago

Nice answer👏

Reza Abdolmaleki - 2 years, 10 months ago

Why are all the fractions equal to x?

Hayden Jory - 1 year, 9 months ago

Nice work . That is the only explanation which helped me a lot.

Yessmin Chaabouni - 1 year, 2 months ago

Thank you kindly, this was the only explanation that was simple enough for me to understand.

Amal Sujith - 1 year, 1 month ago
Damiann Mangan
Jul 7, 2014

I was trying to find out the answer without writing, and this is one of the way that comes up.

Let x x is the value of the sequence, one could see that

x 1 8 x = 1 8 x - \frac{1}{8}x = \frac{1}{8}

x = 8 7 1 8 = 1 7 \Leftrightarrow x = \frac{8}{7} * \frac{1}{8} = \frac{1}{7}

Thus, the answer is 1 7 \frac{1}{7}

Wish I could have done it that simply lol.

Aneesh S. - 5 years, 12 months ago

Genius! Like it so much!

Andrea Palma - 5 years, 3 months ago

i can't understand your method . please explain a little much .

Omr Faruks - 5 years ago

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all you have to realize is while x is the sequence, x/8 is the sequence without its first member.

Damiann Mangan - 4 years, 10 months ago

Let S = 1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + 1 2 9 + . . . = i = 0 1 2 3 n S=\displaystyle\frac{1}{2^3}+\displaystyle\frac{1}{2^6}+\displaystyle\frac{1}{2^9}+...= \displaystyle\sum_{i=0}^\infty \frac{1}{2^{3\cdot n}} .We have that

S + 1 = i = 0 1 2 3 n = i = 0 1 ( 2 3 ) n = 1 1 1 2 3 S = 1 1 1 1 2 3 S = 1 7 S+1=\displaystyle\sum_{i=0}^\infty \frac{1}{2^{3\cdot n}}=\displaystyle\sum_{i=0}^\infty \frac{1}{{\left(2^3\right)}^n}=\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{2^3}} \iff S=1-\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{2^3}} \iff S=\frac{1}{7}

As wanted.

Kindly make a correction. Summation in the first line , i =1 to i=inf (instead if i=0 to i=inf)

Ashrith Reddy - 5 years, 8 months ago
Pankaj Nirwan
Jul 16, 2014

It is very simple ; as we all know very popular formula i.e S = a/1 -r ( says equation 1 } according to the given question we have a = 1/8 amd b = 1/64 and r = b/a so; r= 1/8 hence put the value in the above formula so we get 1/8 / 1- 1/8 = so we get 1/7

Liberty Dodzo
Nov 9, 2015

Let S = \frac{1}{2^{3}}+\frac{1}{2^{6}}+\frac{1}{2^{9}}...

Therefore S = \frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8^{2}}+\frac{1}{8^{3}}...

We know that 8 = \frac{7}{8^{0}}+\frac{7}{8^{1}}+\frac{7}{8^{2}}+\frac{7}{8^{3}}...

So 8 = 7(\frac{1}{8^{0}}+\frac{1}{8^{1}}+\frac{1}{8^{2}}+\frac{1}{8^{3}}...)

8 = 7(1+S) \frac{8}{7} = 1 + S 1+\frac{1}{7} - 1 = S

S = \frac{1}{7}

Gia Hoàng Phạm
Sep 19, 2018

S = 1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + 2 3 S = 1 + 1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + 8 S = 1 + S 7 S = 1 S = 1 7 S=\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^6}+\dots \implies 2^3S=1+\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^6}+\dots \implies 8S=1+S \implies 7S=1 \implies S=\boxed{\large{\frac{1}{7}}}

Maria Georgious
May 26, 2016

If you look at the pattern, each term is multiplied by (1/2^3) or 1/8. So r=1/8. Knowing the property of geometric series, we know this converges since |r|<1. Since the first term is given (1/8), we can use a/(1-r) to find the value of the series. So (1/8)/(7/8) is 1/7.

You can think about it in a logical way....as the denominator increases the value of the fraction tends more to zero so 1/7 is likely closer to zero then all the other numbers

Raymond Fang
Jan 23, 2021

S = 1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + 1 2 9 + 2 3 × S = 1 + 1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + 8 S S = 7 S = 1 S = 1 7 S=\frac {1}{2^3} + \frac {1}{2^6} + \frac {1}{2^9} + \cdots \newline 2^3 \times S=1+\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^6}+\cdots \newline 8S-S=7S=1 \Longrightarrow S=\frac{1}{7}

K.J Master
May 12, 2020

Very simply put in this question you have to use the sum of the geometric series formula

Tejas Oke
Aug 17, 2018

Here we have $a_1= frac{1}{2^{3}}$ And $r=frac{1}{2^{3}}$ Put it in the formula and you'll get the answer

Matthew Caharop
Feb 14, 2018
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Nikhil Raj
Jun 2, 2017

Given Series, 1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + 1 2 9 + \large \dfrac{1}{2^3} + \dfrac{1}{2^6} + \dfrac{1}{2^9} + \ldots It is an infinite Geometric progression, so, S = a 1 r = 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 = 1 2 3 1 = 1 7 \large S = \dfrac{a}{1 - r} = \dfrac{\frac{1}{2^3}}{1 - {\frac{1}{2^3}}} = \dfrac{1}{2^3 - 1} = \color{#3D99F6}{\boxed{\dfrac{1}{7}}}

Hua Zhi Vee
Nov 15, 2016

Let S = 1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + 1 2 9 + S = \frac{1}{2^3} + \frac{1}{2^6} + \frac{1}{2^9} + \ldots

S = 1 2 3 ( 1 1 + 1 2 3 + 1 2 6 + ) S = \frac{1}{2^3} ( \frac{1}{1} + \frac{1}{2^3} + \frac{1}{2^6} + \ldots )

S = 1 2 3 ( 1 + S ) S = \frac{1}{2^3} ( 1 + S )

S = 1 2 3 + 1 2 3 S S = \frac{1}{2^3} + \frac{1}{2^3} S

S = 1 8 + 1 8 S S = \frac{1}{8} + \frac{1}{8} S

8 S = 1 + S 8S = 1 + S

S = 1 7 S = \frac{1}{7}

Sswag SSwagf
Oct 6, 2016

This is an geometric series and it has an known formula

S = 1 1 r S = \frac{1}{1-r} where

r = a n + 1 a n r = \frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}

Our serie its

k = 1 2 3 k \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} 2^{-3k}

r = 8 2 8 1 r= \frac{8^{-2}}{8^{-1}}

by exp propeties

r = 8 1 r=8^{-1}

using the formula we have

S = 1 1 1 8 S = \frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{8}}

solving it :

S = 1 / 7 S = 1/7

Mafia maNiAc
Sep 4, 2016

The series is in G.P. Given that a=1÷8 ; r=1÷8

S∞= a÷(1-r) =1÷7

Hari Om Sharma
Jun 27, 2016

Using G.P. formula for sum to infinity. Where first term is 1/8 and common ratio is 1/8.

Akshat Mehra
Jan 16, 2016

Meow. I love this question. Mammamiya.

Abhiraj Sandhu
Dec 14, 2015

Infinite GP series simply apply S=a÷(1-r) where a = 1st term of GP ,that is 1÷8 and r = common ratio , that is 1÷8

Anuj Yadav
Oct 28, 2015

Using sum of GP of infinite terms a/1-r where a is first term and r is common difference

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