A power, a cosine, an exponential, oh my!

Calculus Level 4

π 2 π 2 x 2 cos ( x ) e x + 1 d x = π A B C \large \int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^\frac{\pi}{2}\dfrac{x^2\cos (x)}{e^x+1}\text{ }dx=\frac{\pi^A}{B}-C

If the equation above is true for positive integers A , A, B , B, and C C , find A + B + C A+B+C .


The answer is 8.

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1 solution

Refaat M. Sayed
Sep 13, 2015

First we should kknow that 1 e x + 1 + 1 e x + 1 = 1 \frac{1}{e^x+1}+\frac{1}{e^{-x}+1}=1 Assume that I = π 2 π 2 x 2 cos ( x ) e x + 1 d x I =\displaystyle\int \limits^{\frac{\pi }{2} }_{\frac{-\pi }{2}}\frac{x^2 \cos(x) }{e^x+1} dx Letting u = x u=-x , you can show that I = π / 2 π / 2 x 2 cos x e x + 1 d x = π / 2 π / 2 x 2 cos x e x + 1 d x \displaystyle I=\int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2}\frac{x^2\cos x}{e^x+1}\,dx=\int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2}\frac{x^2\cos x}{e^{-x}+1}dx , hence 2 I = π / 2 π / 2 x 2 cos x d x \displaystyle 2I=\int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2} x^2\cos x\,dx . Since x 2 cos x x^2\cos x is even, you have I = 0 π / 2 x 2 cos x d x \displaystyle I=\int_0^{\pi/2}x^2\cos xdx I = 0 π / 2 x 2 cos x d x I=\displaystyle\int_0^{\pi/2}x^2\cos xdx I = 0 π / 2 x 2 cos x d x = 2 x cos x + ( x 2 2 ) sin x 0 π / 2 = π 2 8 4 I=\displaystyle\int_0^{\pi/2}x^2\cos xdx =\left.2x\cos x+(x^2-2)\sin x\,\right|_{0}^{\pi/2}\\ = \frac{\pi^2-8}{4} Hence A + B + C = 2 + 4 + 2 = 8 A +B +C =2+4+2=\boxed{8}

Did the same! Nice one!

Kartik Sharma - 5 years, 9 months ago

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Yesterday I learned the trick that if E ( x ) E(x) is an even function, then a a E ( x ) k x + 1 d x = 0 a E ( x ) d x \int_{-a}^a\frac{E(x)}{k^x+1}\text{ }dx=\int_0^aE(x)\text{ }dx

Trevor B. - 5 years, 9 months ago

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Oh nice! It's a really good thing to know. Thanks! I didn't know of that. What are the bounds on a , k a,k ?

Kartik Sharma - 5 years, 9 months ago

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@Kartik Sharma a a can be any real. k k can be any non-negative real.

Trevor B. - 5 years, 9 months ago

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