A 'Trap'ezium

Geometry Level 3

A B C D ABCD is a trapezium with A B C D AB||CD and its diagonals intersect at M M such that A M D = 6 0 \angle AMD = 60^\circ .

O O is the centre of the circle passing through A B C D ABCD such that O M = 2 OM=2 .

A B C D = m n |AB-CD|=m\sqrt{n} find m + n m+n

Note : m m and n n are integers and n n isn't a perfect square.

7 3 11 5 8

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2 solutions

David Vreken
Mar 12, 2019

A cyclic trapezium is also an isosceles trapezium, and by symmetry the center of the circle must be on the perpendicular bisector of the bases of the trapezium. Since O M = 2 OM = 2 , place the trapezium on a coordinate plane so that the center of the circumscribed circle is at the origin and M M is at ( 0 , 2 ) (0, 2) .

Since A M D = 60 ° \angle AMD = 60° , D M C = 180 ° 60 ° = 120 ° \angle DMC = 180° - 60° = 120° , and since D M C \triangle DMC is an isosceles triangle, M D C = M C D = 180 ° 120 ° 2 = 30 ° \angle MDC = \angle MCD = \frac{180° - 120°}{2} = 30° . This means the slope of B D BD is tan 30 ° = 3 3 \tan 30° = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3} , and since its y y -intercept is 2 2 the equation of its line is y = 3 3 x + 2 y = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}x + 2 . Likewise, the slope of A C AC is tan 150 ° = 3 3 \tan 150° = -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3} , and since its y y -intercept is 2 2 the equation of its line is y = 3 3 x + 2 y = -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}x + 2 .

Let a a be the x x -coordinate of B B . Since B B is on y = 3 3 x + 2 y = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}x + 2 , its coordinates are ( a , 3 3 x + 2 ) (a, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}x + 2) . Using the distance between B B and the origin gives the radius r r of the the circle, so r 2 = a 2 + ( 3 3 x + 2 ) 2 r^2 = a^2 + (\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}x + 2)^2 , which makes the equation of the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 + ( 3 3 x + 2 ) 2 x^2 + y^2 = a^2 + (\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}x + 2)^2 .

C C is on both the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 + ( 3 3 x + 2 ) 2 x^2 + y^2 = a^2 + (\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}x + 2)^2 and on the line y = 3 3 x + 2 y = -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}x + 2 , and combining these equations to eliminate y y gives an x x -coordinate of x = a + 3 x = a + \sqrt{3} .

By symmetry, if a a is the x-coordinate of B B , then A B = 2 a AB = 2a , and if a + 3 a + \sqrt{3} is the x x -coordinate of C C , then C D = 2 a + 2 3 CD = 2a + 2\sqrt{3} . Therefore, A B C D = 2 a ( 2 a + 2 3 ) = 2 3 |AB - CD| = |2a - (2a + 2\sqrt{3})| = 2\sqrt{3} , so m = 2 m = 2 , n = 3 n = 3 , and m + n = 5 m + n = \boxed{5} .

Nice solution via coordinate geometry

Mr. India - 2 years, 3 months ago
Mr. India
Mar 7, 2019

As the trapezium is cyclic, it is also isosceles.

Let X X and Y Y be midpoints of diagonals A C AC and B D BD respectively.

X Y XY intersects O M OM at L L

Join O X OX and O Y OY .

O X OX and O Y OY are perpendicular to A C AC and B D BD ( Why? )

Angle X M Y = 120 ° XMY=120° , So angle X M O = XMO= Angle Y M O = 60 ° YMO=60° (By symmetry)

In O X M ∆OXM , s i n M = s i n 60 ° = O X 2 = 3 2 sinM=sin60°=\frac{OX}{2}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}

O X = 3 OX=\sqrt{3} , so, X M = 1 XM=1

O M OM is perpendicular to X Y XY (By symmetry)

So, we get X L = Y L = 3 2 XL=YL=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} , so, X Y = 3 XY=\sqrt{3}

We know that A B C D = 2 × X Y |AB-CD|=2×XY

So, answer us 2 3 2\sqrt{3}

n + m = 2 + 3 = 5 n+m=2+3=\boxed{5}

This problem is from the 2007 RMO.

You have given O M OM as 2 \sqrt 2 and by that, the answer is coming out to be 6 \sqrt 6 thus m + n = 1 + 6 = 7 m+n = 1 + 6 = 7 .

You should consider correcting either the value of O M OM or your answer.

Vedant Saini - 2 years, 3 months ago

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Sorry for the inconvenience, I meant OM=2. Did you clear this year's RMO?

Mr. India - 2 years, 3 months ago

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I did not give it. I don't satisfy the age criteria ;(

Vedant Saini - 2 years, 3 months ago

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@Vedant Saini Aren't you 14? Class 8/9?

Mr. India - 2 years, 3 months ago

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@Mr. India No, there wasn’t any option of my age when I set my age on brilliant. That’s why it is 14

Vedant Saini - 2 years, 3 months ago

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