∫ 7 9 sgn ( sin 2 ( ⌊ x { x } ⌋ ) ) d x = 2 a − ( b + c )
The equation above holds true for positive integers a , b , c . Find a ( b + c − 3 0 ) .
Notations:
{ ⋅ } denotes the fractional part function .
⌊ ⋅ ⌋ denotes the floor function .
sgn ( x ) = ⎩ ⎨ ⎧ − 1 0 1 if x < 0 if x = 0 if x > 0 denotes the sign function .
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A lucid explanation and the graph makes all the difference
Thanks,sir,for posting this.
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I am glad that you like the solution. Yes, it is much easy to explain with a graph. I purposely took time to prepare it.
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Sir,which graphing device do you use?The one I use doesn't have provision of plotting floor,ceiling and other such piecewise function.
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@Rohith M.Athreya – I used Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Just figured out how.
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@Chew-Seong Cheong – Wow,yes! It has all those functions I was missing!!
Thank you sooo much!!
Even answer of this problem is framed beautifully
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Not only that 1729 is famous for Ramanujan.
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We note that, for x ∈ [ 7 , 9 ] , ⌊ x { x } ⌋ are integers having the range of [ 0 , ⌊ x ⌋ ] (see figure above) and that sin 2 ( ⌊ x { x } ⌋ ) ≥ 0 , therefore, sgn ( sin 2 ( ⌊ x { x } ⌋ ) ) = { 0 , 1 , ⌊ x { x } ⌋ = 0 ⌊ x { x } ⌋ > 0 .
We note that for x ∈ [ k , k + 1 ) , where k = 7 , 8 , there is an x k 1 such ⌊ x { x } ⌋ ≥ 1 for x ≥ x k 1 . Then the integral I k = ∫ k k + 1 sgn ( sin 2 ( ⌊ x { x } ⌋ ) ) d x is the area when ⌊ x { x } ⌋ ≥ 1 (the blue region in figure) or I k = 1 × ( k + 1 − x k 1 ) = ⌊ x ⌋ + 1 − x k 1 = 1 − { x k 1 } . Now { x k 1 } is given by:
x { x } ( ⌊ x ⌋ + { x } ) { x } ( k + { x } ) { x } { x } 2 + k { x } − 1 ⟹ { x k 1 } { x 7 1 } { x 8 1 } ≥ 1 ≥ 1 ≥ 1 ≥ 0 = 2 ( k 2 + 4 ) − k = 2 5 3 − 7 = 2 6 8 − 8 Note that 0 ≤ { x k 1 } < 1 )
Now, we have:
I = ∫ 7 9 sgn ( sin 2 ( ⌊ x { x } ⌋ ) ) d x = I 7 + I 8 = 1 − { x 7 1 } + 1 − { x 8 1 } = 2 − 2 5 3 − 7 − 2 6 8 − 8 = 2 1 9 − ( 5 3 + 6 8 )
⟹ a × ( b + c − 3 0 ) = 1 7 2 9