None is zero

Logic Level 2

D O G + C A T 1 0 0 0 \large \begin{array} { l l l l l } & &D & O & G\\ +& &C & A & T \\ \hline & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \end{array}

The above shows a long addition, where each of the symbols represents a distinct single-digit positive integer.

What is the sum D + O + G + C + A + T ? D + O + G + C + A + T ?


The answer is 28.

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9 solutions

Hana Wehbi
Feb 20, 2017

Relevant wiki: Cryptogram

D O G + C A T 1 0 0 0 \large \begin{array} { l l l l l } & &D & O & G\\ +& &C & A & T \\ \hline & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \end{array}

Consider the units column: G + T G+T ends in a 0 0 which implies that G + T = 0 G+T=0 or G + T = 10 G+T=10 and G + T G+T can not be 20 20 or more.

Since none of the digits is 0 0 \implies G + T = 0 + 0 = 0 G+T=0+0=0 is false. Thus, G + T = 10 G+T=10 which means we need to carry 1 1 to the tens column.

Since the result in the tens column is 0 0 and there is a carried 1 1 into this column, this implies that O + A O+A ends in a 9 9 \implies O + A = 9 O+A=9 and we can not have O + A O+A as 19 19 or more. In the tens digit we must have O + A = 9 O+A=9 plus the carried 1 1 which results in a 0 0 in the tens digit.

Same analysis for the hundreds column, we must have D + C = 9 D+C=9 plus the carried one D + C = 9 \implies D+C= 9 .

Thus ( D + O + G + C + A + T ) = ( G + T ) + ( O + A ) + ( D + C ) = 10 + 9 + 9 = 28 ( D+O+G+C+A+T)=(G+T)+(O+A)+(D+C) = 10 + 9 + 9= \boxed{28} .

Moderator note:

  1. Nice job pointing out the reasoning for why the sums G + T , G+T, O + A O+A and D + C D+C come out to be the way they are!

  2. At the level of placing a digit in each individual letter the solution is not unique. For example, since
    4 + 6 = 10, 1 + 8 = 9 and 2 + 7 = 9
    1 + 9 = 19, 3 + 6 = 9 and 2 + 7 = 9
    both 412 + 687 and 132 + 967 work.

    This means that while it would be possible to answer correctly on this problem by just producing a single answer that works, an actual proof that the sum is always 28 requires an argument like the one here.


  3. While the solution is non-unique, at least one solution needs to be produced for the answer to be fully valid (see Pranshu Gaba's example in the comments of a slightly different problem where this becomes an issue).

It is also important to show that a solution actually exists. We can apply the same reasoning in

A B C D E + F G H I J 1 0 0 0 0 0 \large \begin{array} { l l l l l l l } & & A & B & C & D & E\\ +& & F & G & H & I & J\\ \hline & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ \end{array}

and say that we require A + F = 10 , B + G = 9 , C + H = 9 , D + I = 9 , E + J = 9 A + F = 10, B + G = 9, C + H = 9, D + I = 9, E + J = 9 , and therefore A + B + C + D + E + F + G + H + I + J = 46 A + B + C + D + E + F + G + H + I + J = 46 . However, this doesn't have a solution because we don't have 10 distinct single digit positive numbers.

Pranshu Gaba - 4 years, 3 months ago

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No, the given problem does NOT require to prove that a solution actually exists, as it states as given, that "DOG + CAT = 1000" (letters seen as digits, not factors) combined with the given conditions is a valid formula. As in every problem, we are allowed to work with the given facts.

Proving that the problem as given is consistent is sort of a meta problem. Quite important in real life, but normally not part of any basic course. :)

Martin Ramsch - 3 years, 4 months ago

What if dog =500, cat=500, the sum then turns out to be 10?

Puneet Pinku - 4 years, 3 months ago

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None of the letters can be zero.

Hana Wehbi - 4 years, 3 months ago

Zeroes are not allowed, and you can't use the same number twice, as you have done here with the number 5.

Phillip Johnson - 4 years, 3 months ago

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Okay thanks I didn't see the conditions properly then..

Puneet Pinku - 4 years, 3 months ago

Thank you for the remark.

Hana Wehbi - 4 years, 3 months ago

I could have thought this out much faster

Half-god Dragon - 3 years ago

259 + 741 may also work in this situation, where 2 + 5 + 9 + 7 + 4 + 1 would equal 16 + 12, which is equal to 28. Hence, the sum of D + O + G + C + A + T would be 28. Trial and error could be used to solve for this problem, if you struggle solving cryptograms. Sets of two three-digit integers would need to be tested, by subtracting a three digit integer from 1000, and finding whether or not any of the digits in the result appear in the chosen number, in which case the number chosen would need to be changed and retested, until all individual digits appear unique, and then they would need to be added, to find out your sum, in this case 28.

Surayyah Aziz - 2 years, 10 months ago
Deva Craig
Feb 20, 2017

Let's say that G and T both add up to 10. After you've added them together, you'd have to carry the tens digit over the O and A, which have to add up to 9 since we've already carried the one. Once again we follow this procedure with the tens digit carried over the D and C, and that means that D and C must also add up to 9.

9 + 9 + 10 = 28 \boxed{28}

Right approach via carry over!

Now what would the answer be if this time, at least one of "D,O,G,C,A,T" can be equal to 0?

Pi Han Goh - 4 years, 3 months ago

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I think still 28 because 9 + 0 = 9. Since all digits are distinct, G and C cannot both be 0, so one of the other letters would have to be 0, and its corresponding digit would be 9.

Avery Bentley Sollmann - 4 years, 3 months ago

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So if, for example, it was 913 + 87, then 9 + 1 + 3 + 8 + 7 still equals 28.

Avery Bentley Sollmann - 4 years, 3 months ago

That's right, the sum would still be 28. We can have the pair (9, 0) for (D, C) or (O, A).
How would the answer change if the digits D, O, G, C, A, T did not have to be distinct? How many different sums would be possible?

Pranshu Gaba - 4 years, 3 months ago

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@Pranshu Gaba When the digits don't have to be distinct, the only possible answers are 1, which happens when one addend is divisible by 1000; 10, when both addends are divisible by 100 but not 1000; 19, when both addends are divisible by 10 but not 100; or 28, in all other cases.

Avery Bentley Sollmann - 4 years, 3 months ago

For completeness, we should show that a solution exists. It is possible that we may not have solutions because of the condition "each symbol represents a distinct integer".

Pranshu Gaba - 4 years, 3 months ago
Shoaib Khan
Feb 25, 2017

G + T = 10 , O + A = 9 and D + C = 9 Hence G +T + O + A + D + C = 28.

Not correct

sarthak gupta - 4 years, 3 months ago

While the answer obtained is correct, it would be better if you explained how you obtained these equations. It would help others who cannot solve the question to understand your solution better.

Pranshu Gaba - 4 years, 3 months ago

Correct because G +T = 0 mod 10 and 1 < G < 9 and 1 < T < 9 implies G + T = 10 and so on

Orlando Moreno - 3 years, 6 months ago
Half-god Dragon
Oct 9, 2018

I realized that dog+cat=1000 could also be translated as 1000-dog=cat or vice versa. So my simple solution was to do 1000 minus random 3 digit numbers without the same digit until I find a combo without the digits 0 or 5, as those require another 5 or 0 to equal a digit ending in 0. My combo was 126 and 874, but that's one way to do it.

Kapu Rkk
Feb 16, 2017

The sum by replacing variables with constants is 351+ 649 . So D is 3, O is 5, G is 1, C is 6, A is 4 and T is 9 Sum of the digits is 28.

Check out @Tom Engelsman 's solution. Turns out that you don't have to explicitly find the values of D, O, G, C, A, T!

Christopher Boo - 4 years, 3 months ago

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Actually, there are multiple solutions. It might be interesting to find the total number of such solutions.

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 3 months ago

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I think there are 96 total solutions. Just a small amount...

Simone Bertone - 4 years, 3 months ago

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@Simone Bertone That's interesting! How did you discover that?

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 3 months ago

Yep, there are more such solution

Kapu Rkk - 4 years, 3 months ago

What if i take 500+500

Raunak Agrawal - 4 years, 3 months ago

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The problem states that all symbols are positive integers, so 0 is not allowed.

Christopher Boo - 4 years, 3 months ago

@Christopher Boo , oh ok, i didnt realise, thx btw.

Raunak Agrawal - 4 years, 3 months ago

cough the other like 30ish more ways to solve this cough

Jase Jason - 4 years, 3 months ago
Ania Dz
Feb 25, 2017

G+T must give 0 at the end so example: 876+ 124= 1000 So 8+7+6+1+2+4=28

Yes, you are right. In fact, we don't have to explicitly find the values of C , A , T , D , O , G C,A,T,D,O,G ! See Hana's solution :)

Christopher Boo - 4 years, 3 months ago
Venkatachalam J
Feb 23, 2017

Relevant wiki: Cryptogram

Clearly

G+T=10 ,

O+A=9 & (Since O+A+1=10)

D+C=9 (Since D+C+1=10)

Therefore, (G+T)+(O+A)+(D+C)=28

=>D+O+G+C+A+T=28

Right, since D, O, G, C, A, T are single-digit numbers, the sum of two numbers will lie between 1 + 2 = 3 and 8 + 9 = 17. The only numbers ending with 0 and 9 in this range are 10 and 9.

Pranshu Gaba - 4 years, 3 months ago

@Pranshu Gaba I hope the posted information is understandable.

Venkatachalam J - 4 years, 3 months ago
Phillip Johnson
Feb 22, 2017

We need 6 unique numbers to assign the letters. 0 is an illegal number. There are 9 possible unique numbers (1 through 9) There are 2 sets of numbers that need to sum 1000. In that case, we can use the following pairs of unique numbers to reach the solution. I listed the lowest and highest possible numbers, and some in the middle. 231 + 769, ..., 521 + 479, 532 + 468, 568 + 432, 579 + 421, 587 + 413, ..., 876 + 124,

In every case the unique single digits add up to ((D+C)+(O+A)+(G+T)) = (9 + 9 + 10) = ||28|

Could you explain what method did you use to obtain the pairs of numbers that add up to 1000?

Pranshu Gaba - 4 years, 3 months ago
Jase Jason
Feb 21, 2017

9*3 + 1 = 28 Note all numbers and variables later explained are positive integers so I don't have to copy and paste everything. where m is a number that is a sum of two numbers that have the same number of digits, with m also being 10^n, the solution is 9n + 1 as if you subtract 1 from m, you'd get 99...99 for an n number of 9s. Therefore, the sum of all numbers as a ones place, not necessarily distinct, from the two earlier numbers that were explained to have the same number of digits is 9n+1, as you need 1 more to change the 99...99 for an n number of 9s to be turned into an n number of 0s with 1 as the leading digit.

Your explanation is not clear.

What does this equation mean? What does it represent?

Pi Han Goh - 4 years, 3 months ago

Nevermind, I'll stop being lazy. To the edit section of the original post.

Jase Jason - 4 years, 3 months ago

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