Another symmetric inequality

Algebra Level 4

5 x + 4 + 5 y + 4 + 5 z + 4 \large \sqrt{5x+4}+\sqrt{5y+4}+\sqrt{5z+4}

Let x , y x,y and z z be non-negative reals satisfying x + y + z = 1 x+y+z=1 . Find the minimum value of the expression above.

Give your answer to 2 decimal places.


This problem was taken from Hanoi Pedagogic Highschool grade 10 selection test.


The answer is 7.00.

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4 solutions

Son Nguyen
Jun 2, 2016

My solution:Call the expression is A A

Because of a + b + c = 1 a+b+c=1 and a ; b ; c 0 a;b;c\geq 0 so we have 0 a ; b ; c 1 0\leq a;b;c \leq 1 .

From that we can see that a a 2 ; b b 2 ; c c 2 a\geq a^{2};b\geq b^{2};c\geq c^{2}

So that we have 5 a + 4 = a + 4 a + 4 a 2 + 4 a + 4 = a + 2 \sum \sqrt{5a+4}=\sum \sqrt{a+4a+4}\geq \sum \sqrt{a^2+4a+4}=\sum a+2

And A a + b + c + 6 = 7 A\geq a+b+c+6= 7

The equality holds when a = b = 0 ; c = 1 a=b=0;c=1 or it's permutation.

Good solution

P C - 5 years ago

Let a = 5 x + 4 a=\sqrt{5x+4} , b = 5 y + 4 b=\sqrt{5y+4} , and c = 5 z + 4 c=\sqrt{5z+4}

Squaring each expression gives:

a 2 = 5 x + 4 a^2=5x+4 , b 2 = 5 y + 4 b^2=5y+4 and c 2 = 5 z + 4 c^2=5z+4

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 a^2+b^2+c^2 is therefore 5 ( x + y + z ) + 12 5(x+y+z)+12 = 5 ( 1 ) + 12 5(1)+12 = 17 17 Knowing that :

( a + b + c ) 2 3 ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) (a+b+c)^2\le3(a^2+b^2+c^2)

Plugging in the values gives:

( a + b + c ) 3 ( 17 ) (a+b+c)\le3(17)

the minimum is therefore 51 \sqrt{51}

you mean the maximum ?

P C - 5 years ago
P C
Jun 2, 2016

By observation, we can see the expession reach its minimum when ( x , y , z ) = ( 1 ; 0 ; 0 ) (x,y,z)=(1;0;0) and its permutations, so put in the values, we get f ( x , y , z ) 7 f(x,y,z)\geq 7 , now we need to prove this statement is true

Without losing generality, we assume that x y z x\geq y\geq z , then we have z [ 0 ; 1 3 ] z \in [0;\frac{1}{3}] . It's easy to prove that f ( x ; y ; z ) f ( x ; z ; z ) f(x;y;z)\geq f(x;z;z) , so now we consider f ( x ; z ; z ) = 5 x + 4 + 2 5 z + 4 f(x;z;z)=\sqrt{5x+4}+2\sqrt{5z+4} The condition becomes x + 2 z = 1 x = 1 2 z x+2z=1 \Rightarrow x=1-2z f ( x ; z ; z ) = 9 10 z + 2 5 z + 4 \therefore f(x;z;z)=\sqrt{9-10z}+2\sqrt{5z+4} Now we need to show that f ( x ; z ; z ) 7 f(x;z;z)\geq 7 9 10 z + 2 5 z + 4 7 \Leftrightarrow \sqrt{9-10z}+2\sqrt{5z+4}\geq 7 225 z 2 140 z 0 ( T r u e f o r e v e r y z [ 0 ; 1 3 ] ) \Leftrightarrow 225z^2-140z\leq 0 \ (True \ for \ every \ z\in[0;\frac{1}{3}]) The L H S LHS decrease in the interval [ 0 ; 1 3 ] [0;\frac{1}{3}] , and f ( 0 ) > f ( 1 3 ) f(0)>f\big(\frac{1}{3}\big) so the equality holds when z = 0 y = 0 ; x = 1 z=0 \Rightarrow y=0;x=1 and its permutations

In the statement of the problem, it is x+y+z=1, not a+b+c=1. Good problem and solution!

Mateo Matijasevick - 5 years ago

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i am getting a different answer if i use A.M - G.M

x + y + z = 1 ( 5 x + 4 ) + ( 5 y + 4 ) + ( 5 z + 4 ) = 17 ( 5 x + 4 ) + ( 5 y + 4 ) + ( 5 z + 4 ) 3 ( ( 5 x + 4 ) ( 5 y + 4 ) ( 5 z + 4 ) ) 1 3 17 3 ( ( 5 x + 4 ) ( 5 y + 4 ) ( 5 z + 4 ) ) 1 3 ( 17 3 ) 1 2 ( ( 5 x + 4 ) 1 2 ( 5 y + 4 ) 1 2 ( 5 z + 4 ) 1 2 ) 1 3 ( 5 x + 4 ) + ( 5 y + 4 ) + ( 5 z + 4 ) 3 ( 17 3 ) 1 2 ( ( 5 x + 4 ) 1 2 ( 5 y + 4 ) 1 2 ( 5 z + 4 ) 1 2 ) 1 3 ( 5 x + 4 ) + ( 5 y + 4 ) + ( 5 z + 4 ) 3 ( 17 3 ) 1 2 = 7.14 x+y+z=1 \implies (5x+4)+(5y+4)+(5z+4)=17 \\ \dfrac{(5x+4)+(5y+4)+(5z+4)}{3}\ge\left((5x+4)\cdot(5y+4)\cdot(5z+4)\right)^{\frac13} \\ \dfrac{17}{3}\ge\left((5x+4)\cdot(5y+4)\cdot(5z+4)\right)^{\frac13} \\ \left(\dfrac{17}{3}\right)^{\frac12}\ge\left((5x+4)^{\frac12}\cdot(5y+4)^{\frac12}\cdot(5z+4)^{\frac12}\right)^{\frac13} \\ \dfrac{\sqrt{(5x+4)}+\sqrt{(5y+4)}+\sqrt{(5z+4)}}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{17}{3}\right)^{\frac12}\ge\left((5x+4)^{\frac12}\cdot(5y+4)^{\frac12}\cdot(5z+4)^{\frac12}\right)^{\frac13} \\ \sqrt{(5x+4)}+\sqrt{(5y+4)}+\sqrt{(5z+4)}\ge3\cdot\left(\dfrac{17}{3}\right)^{\frac12} =\boxed{ 7.14 }

Sabhrant Sachan - 5 years ago

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How did you conclude that the asked expression is greater than ( 17 / 3 ) 1 / 2 {(17/3)}^{1/2} ? I think that your penultimate step is a mistake.

Mateo Matijasevick - 5 years ago

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@Mateo Matijasevick Oh , yes you are right .. if a > c a>c and b > c b>c we cannot say a > b a>b or b > a b>a .

Sabhrant Sachan - 5 years ago

This question becomes extremely easy if we use Mean Power Inequality \color{#D61F06}{\text{Mean Power Inequality}} .

Also, you must specify the values at which equality is attained @Gurīdo Cuong .

Aditya Sky - 5 years ago

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can you show me how it's done?

P C - 5 years ago

Can we use A.M >=G.M

# TECHINTOUCH # - 3 years, 3 months ago
Aaron Jerry Ninan
Jul 21, 2016

Apply Cauchy Schwarz Inequality .a1=1, b1=(5x+4)^(1÷2) and similarly for a2, b2,a3, b3 we get , (a1b1+a2b2+a3b3)^2 = < (a1^2 +a2^2 +a3^2)(b1^2 +b2^2 +b3^2) by substituting we get the desired result .note: in a1 "1" is the subscript.

This was a very easy question. This would definitely be in level 1.

Thomas Jacob - 4 years, 10 months ago

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This solution is wrong.He has calculated the maximum to be 51 \sqrt{51} .He has not calculated the minimum

Abdur Rehman Zahid - 2 years, 10 months ago

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