Let S be the set R + ∪ { 0 }
A function f : S → S is defined as - f ( x 2 + y 2 ) = y 2 f ( x ) + x 2 f ( y ) + x 4 + y 4
Then the value of f ( 2 0 1 5 ) can be written as a d b d c d where a , b , c , d are all distinct prime numbers. Find the value of a + b + c + d .
Give it a thought -
∙ Will the answer change if S was replaced by R (Real numbers) or C (Complex numbers)?
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Writing this here since it made my proof too long.
Proof that f ( x ) = x 2 for all x :-
Since 2 x 2 ≥ 0 , f ( 2 x 2 ) = 4 x 4 .
Putting y = x in the proposition,
f ( x 2 + x 2 ) = x 2 f ( x ) + x 2 f ( x ) + x 4 + x 4
⟹ 4 x 4 = 2 x 2 f ( x ) + 2 x 4
⟹ 2 x 4 = 2 x 2 f ( x )
⟹ x 2 = f ( x ) for all x
Also, @Aditya Raut , I heard you gave the INMO. How did it go?
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Result is not out yet, but my score was much better than last time... I don't think I'll be selected further -_-
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what is your score ?
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@Gautam Sharma – My score is 57. I don't think that is enough. @GAUTAM SHARMA , @Siddhartha Srivastava
Why? How many marks did you get? I got 51 and I'm still hoping I'll get selected
1 s t step-Put x = y = 0 and we get f ( 0 ) = 0
2 n d step-Put x = 2 0 1 5 , y = 0 and we get f ( 2 0 1 5 ) = 3 1 2 × 1 3 2 × 5 2
13+31+5+2=51
A 2 step solution.
The function is simply (x^2)
so answer is 2015^2
and 2015= (13)(31)(5)
squaring it we have answer as (a,b,c,d)=(13,31,5,2)
This is the true two step solution. Upvoted.
The problem with functional equations is that they don't fit this form of problems with a numerical short answer...
Stupid solution: Observe that f ( x ) = x 2 satisfies the functional equation. Since this problem exists, we assume that the answer is the same no matter what f we choose. Thus f ( 2 0 1 5 ) = 2 0 1 5 2 = 5 2 1 3 2 3 1 2 , giving a + b + c + d = 5 + 1 3 + 3 1 + 2 = 5 1 .
Actual solution is given by Samuraiwarm Tsunayoshi.
The answer doesn't change if we use real numbers; f ( x 2 ) = x 2 f ( 0 ) + x 4 means f ( x ) = x f ( 0 ) + x 2 for all x ≥ 0 , and since 2 0 1 5 ≥ 0 , the result remains. But the function solution itself doesn't change; if we plug in x ← − x and compare it with the original, we get that everything cancels out except y 2 f ( x ) = y 2 f ( − x ) . Taking y = 1 , we get f ( x ) = f ( − x ) , so f can be extended to the negative reals (which is still f ( x ) = x 2 ).
Plugging y = 0 we get
f ( x 2 ) = x 2 f ( 0 ) + x 4 (1)
f ( x ) = x f ( 0 ) + x 2 (2)
Plugging into the original equation we get
( x 2 + y 2 ) f ( 0 ) + ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 = y 2 ( x f ( 0 ) + x 2 ) + x 2 ( y f ( 0 ) + y 2 ) + x 4 + y 4
2 x 2 y 2 + x 2 f ( 0 ) + y 2 f ( 0 ) = x y ( x + y ) f ( 0 ) + 2 x 2 y 2
( x 2 + y 2 − x y ( x + y ) ) f ( 0 ) = 0
f ( 0 ) = 0
Therefore, f ( x ) = x 2 . ~~~
Why didn't you put x = y = 0 ? That would've gotten f ( 0 ) = 0 in one step. Or am I messing up somehow?
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Yep, you're right. My brain doesn't work at night. XD
The answer might change if S is changed to R .
When I did step (1) to (2), for set of R could change into f ( x ) = − x f ( 0 ) + x 2 . That kinda interesting, and I'll leave this to my cat.
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Putting x = y = 0 , we get f ( 0 ) = 0 .
Putting y = 0 , we have f ( x 2 ) = x 4 . Putting z = x 2 , we have f ( z ) = z 2 for all z ≥ 0 .
Therefore, f ( 2 0 1 5 ) = 2 0 1 5 2 = ( 5 ∗ 1 3 ∗ 3 1 ) 2 .
Therefore answer = 5 1