Factorial Gaps!

How many of the following 99 integers are primes?

100 ! + 2 , 100 ! + 3 , 100 ! + 4 , , 100 ! + 100 \begin{array}{c}&100!+2, &100!+3, &100!+4, &\ldots, &100!+100\end{array}


The answer is 0.

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17 solutions

You can divide 100 ! + n 100! + n by n n ( 1 < n 100 1 < n \leq 100 ) this way:

100 ! + n n = 100 99 . . . n . . . 2 + n n = 100 99 . . . ( n + 1 ) ( n 1 ) . . . 2 + 1 \frac { 100!+n }{ n } \\ =\quad \frac { 100\cdot 99\cdot ...\cdot n\cdot ...\cdot 2+n }{ n } \\ =\quad 100\cdot 99\cdot ...\cdot (n+1)\cdot (n-1)\cdot ...\cdot 2+1

Therefore, none of these numbers are primes!

Moderator note:

Nicely done! Bonus question: If 100 ! + k 100!+k is a prime number for a positive integer k k , then prove that the smallest possible value of k k is a prime number.

Is the answer to that 101, as 101 is the smallest prime number that is above 100.

Fatima Soni - 4 years, 7 months ago

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No, I don't think so. This problem gives us a list of numbers and asks how many of them are prime. As shown above, none of those numbers are prime, so the answer is 0.

André Vicente Milack - 4 years, 7 months ago

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@André Vicente Milack Aamir was referencing the bonus question. The answer is indeed 101.

Ian Limarta - 4 years, 7 months ago

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@Ian Limarta Oh, my bad, sorry!

André Vicente Milack - 4 years, 7 months ago

I understood that, (100! + k)/k = 100!/k + 1 and since 100! is not a multiple of any prime >100 the first prime >100 will be k. But I dont know how to prove it.

Ricardo Brasil - 4 years, 4 months ago

Why do you think that 100!+101 isn't divided by any prime between 103 and √(100!+101). That is a lot primes,so you must prove it is prime.

Nikola Djuric - 4 years, 4 months ago

is 100! +1 prime??

Nivedit Jain - 4 years, 3 months ago

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100! + 1 is divisible by 101 100! = -1 mod 101 so 100!+1 = 0 mod 101 Therefore 100! + 1 is divisible by 101

Fatima Soni - 4 years, 3 months ago

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Who u can say that it is divisible by 101

Nivedit Jain - 4 years, 3 months ago

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@Nivedit Jain By wilsons theorem 100! = -1 mod 101 so 100! + 1 = 0 mod 101 This means 100! + 1 is divisible by 101

Fatima Soni - 4 years, 2 months ago

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@Fatima Soni Let me see it i dont know it

Nivedit Jain - 4 years, 2 months ago

100! +1 is the right answer

shubhanshu rana - 3 years, 7 months ago

Smallest k must be prime, because if it is composite, it will be much larger than the smallest k (composite k could be 101.101)

Ahmad fikri Azhari - 2 years, 8 months ago
Richard Levine
Apr 15, 2016

100!+x = x(100!/x + 1). This is not prime for 1<x<=100, since 100! is clearly divisible by x. Therefore, none of the 99 integers are primes.

Correct! Thank you!

Chung Kevin - 5 years, 2 months ago
Otto Bretscher
May 22, 2015

n ! + m n!+m is divisible by m m if n m n\geq{m} .

Moderator note:

Good, although it would be better to see the working for your solution. Bonus question: Can you explain the meaning for the title of this question (Arbitrary gaps)?

We can throw in 100 ! + 1 100! + 1 into the mix as well and still get an answer of 0 0 by way of Wilson's Theorem and the fact that 101 101 is prime.

I suppose the next question would be to find the least positive integer k k such that 100 ! + k 100! + k is prime.

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years ago

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what is the answer of your qustion

abhishek alva - 5 years ago

@Challenge Master I'm not sure but the title must be referring to Prime gaps I suppose?

Arian Tashakkor - 6 years ago

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Yes, he/she is referring to prime gaps, because we can set n n arbitrarily large, the value of n ! + m n! + m for n m n \ge m will always be a composite number, thus there is no maximum gaps between consecutive prime numbers.

Pi Han Goh - 6 years ago

I try to discover what is k.

Marijana Marinić-Kragić - 2 years, 12 months ago

Final solution too.

Marijana Marinić-Kragić - 2 years, 12 months ago
Andrew Dennehy
Sep 7, 2018

I decided to prove the more general statement that, given a number c = a ! + b c=a!+b with a b a \geq b , c c is always composite

Assume we have a number n n such that n = m ! + k n=m!+k for m , k m,k \in N N where m k > 1 m\geq k>1 .

By definition of the factorial, m ! m! is divisible by any integers less than or equal to m m , including k k .

Therefore, m ! = k r m!=k*r for some r r \in N N . Thus:

n = k r + k n=k*r+k

= k ( r + 1 ) =k(r+1)

The only way that this could be prime is if either k k or r + 1 r+1 was 1 1 and the other was prime. However, by definition, k > 1 k>1 , and r + 1 = 1 r = 0 r+1=1 \rightarrow r=0 , which would mean k r = 0 k*r=0 and, therefore, m ! = 0 m!=0 , which is never true in the real numbers.

m ! + k \therefore m!+k is not prime Q.E.D.

As a corollary, if we have a number m ! + k m!+k and some a k a|k where 1 < a m 1<a\leq m , the number can be rewritten as a ( m ! a + k a ) a*(\frac {m!}{a} + \frac{k}{a}) and is, therefore, composite. Therefore, if m ! + k m!+k is prime and k k is composite, k k 's lower bound is ( m + 1 ) 2 (m+1)^2

Nivedit Jain
Mar 2, 2017

easy if we consider 100! we can write it in the form of 2 3 4*......100 so for each no we can take something common which means all are non prime

. .
Feb 23, 2021

Since 100 ! 100! has many factors like 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, \cdots , so no prime numbers in 100 ! + 2 , 100 ! + 3 , 100 ! + 4 , , 100 ! + 98 , 100 ! + 99 , 100 ! + 100 100! + 2, 100! + 3, 100! + 4, \cdots, 100! + 98, 100! + 99, 100! + 100 .

Let n n be such a number 2 n 100 2 \le n \le 100

Now consider 100 ! + n , 100! + n,

We can write it as multiple of n n ,

n × ( 100 ! n + 1 ) \rightarrow n \times (\frac {100!}{n} + 1)

Here 100 ! n \frac {100!}{n} is intezer as 2 n 100 2 \le n \le 100 So its a multiple of n n and as it is greater than 1. So the number of prime is 0 \boxed {0}

Since 100 ! = 100 99 . . . 2 1 100!=100*99*...*2*1 , if n is in between 1 and 100, it could be factored out. 100 ! + n = ( 100 99 . . . . ( n + 1 ) n ( n 1 ) . . . 2 1 ) + n = n ( ( 100 99 . . . ( n + 1 ) ( n 1 ) . . . . 2 1 ) + 1 ) 100!+n=(100*99*....*(n+1)*n*(n-1)*...*2*1)+n=n((100*99*...*(n+1)*(n-1)*....*2*1)+1) , which is not prime.

Don Weingarten
Jan 29, 2019

100! + n can always be divided by n for any n from 2 to 100, therefore all of these must be composite numbers.

Dave Hilger
May 7, 2018

Purely a swag (scientific guess)... but at such large numbers, the likelihood of a prime number existing within a given range of 100 integers is extremely low.

Raleigh Clemens
Mar 12, 2018

For any integers X X and Y Y , ( ( X Y ) + X ) m o d ( X ) ((X \cdot Y) + X) mod (X) is congruent to 0 0 . Therefore, adding any of the integers 1-100 to 100 ! 100! will not make it prime.

Because each of the possible integers from 2 to 100 also appears as a factor in 100!, the resulting sum will be a multiple of said secondary addend.

Davy Ker
Mar 27, 2016

100! is a multiple of 2, 3, 4, ... , 100, because 100! = 1x2x3x4x...x100, so if we choose any k from {2, 3, 4, ... , 100} then 100! + k is also a multiple of k. The language of congruence fits this question well.

Ken Hodson
Nov 17, 2015

I prefer laymen solutions. So I'll offer one. It's noted that 100! + 1 is absent from the problem. Fair enough.
One may also be aware that large factorials end in multiple zeroes because of multiple 2*5 product of primes. One may simply remove all of + evens quickly, as they will divide by 2.
I'd propose to take any arbitrary prime and play with it. I'm going to chose 23. MJ.
Consider 100! + 23. 100! can be rewritten as 23 * 100 * 99 ... * 2 * 1 or simply 23x. (let x = all the numbers between 1 and 100 be multiplied together except 23) Hence
100! + 23 can be rewritten as. 23(big number + 1) = 23 (x + 1). So it as least a product of 2 whole numbers. Therefore it isn't prime.
Since I chose 23 arbitrarily, I will now add in all solutions for all odds less than 100. Give me a few days.




Noel Lo
Jun 4, 2015

100! has a common factor with all of 2, 3, 4....., 100 so it is evident that the numbers are divisible by 2, 3, 4....100. Hence none are prime.

We now that m!+k is divisible by k if 0<k<=m, since m=(m)(m-1)...(k)(k-1)(k-2)...(2)(1) . In fact, if we want m consecutive no-prime numbers, we can list them like: (m+1)! + 2, (m+1)! + 3, ...., (m+1)!+m+1

Nicola Hu
May 23, 2015

a = 100 ! + m = m ( 100 ! m + 1 ) a=100!+m = m(\frac{100!}{m}+1) .

100 ! m \frac{100!}{m} is integer

a a is obviously not prime , because has more than 2 factors , m and . 100 ! m + 1 ) \frac{100!}{m}+1)

Moderator note:

Your phrasing is not all that clear. You should mention that all these numbers are in the form of 100 ! + m = m ( 100 ! m + 1 ) 100! + m = m \left(\frac{100!}m + 1\right) for positive integer 2 m 100 2 \leq m \leq 100 . And because m ( 100 ! + m ) m | (100! + m) , then none of them are prime numbers.

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