Archit's Challenge 3

Algebra Level 5

Given

f ( x ) = x 13 + 2 x 12 + 3 x 11 + 4 x 10 + + 13 x + 14 , f(x) = x^{13} + 2x^{12} + 3x^{11} + 4x^{10} + \cdots + 13x + 14,

denote

N = f ( a ) × f ( a 2 ) × f ( a 3 ) × × f ( a 14 ) , N = f(a) \times f\left(a^2\right) \times f\left(a^3\right) \times\cdots \times f\left(a^{14} \right),

where a = cos ( 2 π 15 ) + i sin ( 2 π 15 ) . a = \cos\left( \frac{2\pi}{15} \right) + i \sin\left( \frac{2\pi}{15} \right) .

Then what is the value of M M such that N 1 M = 15 ? N^\frac{1}{M} = 15 ?


The answer is 13.

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2 solutions

Archit Agrawal
Nov 28, 2015

My solution was very similar. Also, do you happen to be related to Manindra Agrawal, the mathematician that helped develop the AKS primality test? Or is Agrawal just a common name?

Jason Martin - 5 years, 6 months ago

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Agrawal is just a common name.

Archit Agrawal - 5 years, 6 months ago

would u mind explaining how you got -15 in the 3rd statement ,i was getting -14 :(

hiroto kun - 4 years, 3 months ago

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plz tell , i was doing the same but continuously getting -14 there :(

hiroto kun - 4 years, 3 months ago

I cannot up vote as you include statements that are not explained or not relevant to solution wanted.

Lu Chee Ket - 5 years, 6 months ago

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Tell me which step needs to be explained.

Archit Agrawal - 5 years, 6 months ago

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I think he's wondering where the b, c, and d came from.

Jason Martin - 5 years, 6 months ago

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@Jason Martin I wrote a question which included b,c and d but the question was changed by brilliant.

Archit Agrawal - 5 years, 6 months ago

All right, I read that changes were made and please ignore my comment of not relevant. Please do not mind to explain as it is not directly obvious. I have checked that it is indeed correct but how did you get ( 1 a ) ( 1 a 2 ) . . . ( 1 a 13 ) ( 1 a 14 ) = 15 ? (1 - a)(1 - a^2)...(1 - a^{13})(1 - a^{14}) = 15?

Lu Chee Ket - 5 years, 6 months ago

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@Lu Chee Ket Since we are dealing with the 15 X t h \ce{15^{th}} root of unity here, it satisfies the equation x X 15 1 = 0 \ce{x^{15} - 1 = 0} . We want the product k = 1 14 ( 1 α k ) \displaystyle \prod_{k=1}^{14} (1-\alpha_k) where α 15 1 = 0 \alpha^{15} - 1 = 0 (excluding α = 1 \alpha = 1 ). A simple switch x = 1 y x = 1 - y will make the equation ( 1 p ) 15 1 = 0 (1-p)^{15} - 1=0 . The product we want is equivalent to k = 1 14 p k \displaystyle \prod_{k=1}^{14}p_k which can be shown equal to 15 by partially expanding using the binomial theorem and applying Vieta's formula.

Aditya Malusare - 5 years, 6 months ago

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@Aditya Malusare I am sorry that I don't know about Vieta's formula.

Lu Chee Ket - 5 years, 6 months ago

@Lu Chee Ket a is 15th root of unity and it is property of this product.

Archit Agrawal - 5 years, 6 months ago

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@Archit Agrawal Well, I did't need to do the mathematics you have shown here but I got to know that the answer was 13. Just believe me that the answer is 13. Next time when you meet this question, just tell me that the answer is 13. This is our knowledge.

Lu Chee Ket - 5 years, 6 months ago
Aareyan Manzoor
Nov 29, 2015

this is similar to archit sir, but use of a little calculus and further elucidation. the eqn can be written as f ( x ) = n = 0 14 ( ( 14 n ) x n ) = 14 n = 0 14 ( x n ) n = 0 14 ( n x n ) f(x)=\sum_{n=0}^{14} ((14-n)x^n)=14\sum_{n=0}^{14} (x^n)-\sum_{n=0}^{14} (nx^n) by gp n = 0 14 ( x n ) = x 15 1 x 1 \sum_{n=0}^{14} (x^n)=\dfrac{x^{15}-1}{x-1} d.w.r.x and multiply by x: n = 0 14 ( n x n ) = 15 x 15 x 1 x 16 x ( x 1 ) 2 \sum_{n=0}^{14} (nx^n)=\dfrac{15x^{15}}{x-1}-\dfrac{x^{16}-x}{(x-1)^2} so the expression is the same thing as f ( x ) = 14 x 15 1 x 1 15 x 15 x 1 + x 16 x ( x 1 ) 2 f(x)=14\dfrac{x^{15}-1}{x-1}-\dfrac{15x^{15}}{x-1}+\dfrac{x^{16}-x}{(x-1)^2} we see that a is a primitive 15th root of unity. if you dont know much about them, if y is a nth root of unity≠1, then. y n = 1 o r y n 1 + y n 2 + . . . + y + 1 = 0 y^n=1 \quad or\quad y^{n-1}+y^{n-2}+...+y+1=0 also, if y is a nth root of unity, so is y k y^k for ints k knowing this property, a 15 = 1 a^{15}=1 p ( a ) = a 14 + a 13 + . . . + a + 1 = 0 p(a)=a^{14}+a^{13}+...+a+1=0 so, f becomes f ( a ) = 14 a 15 1 a 1 15 a 15 a 1 + a 16 a ( a 1 ) 2 = 15 1 a f(a)=14\dfrac{a^{15}-1}{a-1}-\dfrac{15a^{15}}{a-1}+\dfrac{a^{16}-a}{(a-1)^2}=\dfrac{15}{1-a} so we are just looking for 1 5 14 ( 1 a ) ( 1 a 2 ) ( 1 a 3 ) ( 1 a 4 ) . . . ( 1 a 14 ) \dfrac{15^{14}}{(1-a)(1-a^2)(1-a^3)(1-a^4)...(1-a^{14})} we know that a polynomyial can be expressed as ( a r g u m e n t r o o t s ) \prod(argument-roots) . since a, a 2 a^2 .. are roots of p, 1 5 14 p ( 1 ) = 1 5 14 15 = 1 5 13 \dfrac{15^{14}}{p(1)}=\dfrac{15^{14}}{15}=15^{\Huge{\boxed{13}}}

Wow! This is great! ThankYouuu

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 6 months ago

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