Broken Ring Attraction

A uniform circular ring of radius 1 1 has 1 1 unit of mass per unit length.

The ring is initially centered on the origin. Then it is broken and the right half is moved 1 1 distance unit to the right, and the left half is moved 1 1 distance unit to the left.

What is the magnitude of the gravitational force between the two halves?

Note: Universal gravitational constant G = 1 G = 1 , for simplicity


The answer is 0.8386.

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1 solution

Karan Chatrath
Nov 4, 2019

Arbitrary points on the right half and left half of the ring are:

r 1 = ( 1 + cos θ 1 ) i ^ + sin θ 1 j ^ r 2 = ( 1 + cos θ 2 ) i ^ sin θ 2 j ^ \boxed{\vec{r}_1 = (1 + \cos{\theta_1}) \hat{i} + \sin{\theta_1}\hat{j}} \ | \ \boxed{\vec{r}_2 = -(1 + \cos{\theta_2}) \hat{i} - \sin{\theta_2}\hat{j}}

The gravitational force between arc length elements on each half is (According to the law of gravitation, considering unit radius and unit mass per unit length):

d F = ( G d θ 1 d θ 2 r 1 r 2 3 ) ( r 1 r 2 ) d\vec{F} = \left(\frac{Gd\theta_1 d\theta_2}{\mid \vec{r}_1-\vec{r}_2 \mid^3}\right)(\vec{r}_1-\vec{r}_2)

Substituting expressions and recognising by virtue of symmetry that the net y-component is zero, the net magnitude of the force in the x-direction is:

F x = π 2 π 2 π 2 π 2 ( 2 + cos θ 1 + cos θ 2 ) d θ 1 d θ 2 ( ( 2 + cos θ 1 + cos θ 2 ) 2 + ( sin θ 1 + sin θ 2 ) 2 ) 3 / 2 0.8374 \boxed{F_x = \int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\left(2 + \cos{\theta_1} + \cos{\theta_2}\right)d\theta_1 d\theta_2 }{\left(\left(2 + \cos{\theta_1} + \cos{\theta_2}\right)^2 + \left( \sin{\theta_1} + \sin{\theta_2}\right)^2\right)^{3/2}} \approx 0.8374}

I used Wolfram-Alpha to get the answer to the double integral. This is slightly different from the mentioned answer of 0.8386.

Thanks for the solution. Do you know what resolution Wolfram was using?

Steven Chase - 1 year, 7 months ago

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Unfortunately, I do not. I tried navigating through the website but I am missing the option to check this, there.

Karan Chatrath - 1 year, 7 months ago

@Steven Chase sir please can you make a question in which there are two rings of same mass and they are coaxial rings. And we have to find force between them.?? Can you please

A Former Brilliant Member - 1 year, 7 months ago

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Good suggestion. It is up now

Steven Chase - 1 year, 7 months ago

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@Steven Chase @Steven Chase sir please can you make a question in which there are infinite rings on positive x axis ,1st ring centre at (0,0,0) 2nd ring centre at (1,0,0) 3rd ring centre at (2,0,0) 4th ring centre at (3,0,0) 5th ring centre at (4,0,0) Like this there are infinite rings And the question is to find force on first ring due to all other rings All rings have same unit mass and have unit radius. Please post this question it would be very INTERESTING.

A Former Brilliant Member - 1 year, 7 months ago

@Steven Chase @Steven Chase sir can you please write my name in the question two attractive rings. Please because it is suggested by me only.??

A Former Brilliant Member - 1 year, 7 months ago

@Steven Chase @Steven Chase sir can you please write my name in the question two attractive rings. Please because it is suggested by me only.??

A Former Brilliant Member - 1 year, 7 months ago

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@A Former Brilliant Member Thanks for the reminder. I have done so

Steven Chase - 1 year, 7 months ago

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@Steven Chase @Steven Chase Thanks SIR

A Former Brilliant Member - 1 year, 7 months ago

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