Can You Find The Difference Of Squares?

Algebra Level 2

A A and B B are positive real numbers such that A > B , A 2 + B 2 = 34 , A B = 15. A > B,\quad A^2+B^2=34,\quad AB=15. What is A 2 B 2 ? A^2-B^2?

4 8 16 19

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29 solutions

Relevant wiki: System of Equations - Substitution

( A + B ) 2 = A 2 + B 2 + 2 A B = 34 + 2 × 15 = 64 A + B = 64 = 8 (A + B)^{2} = A^{2} + B^{2} + 2AB = 34 + 2 \times 15 = 64 \Longrightarrow A + B = \sqrt{64} = 8 , where we took the positive root as A , B > 0 A,B \gt 0 .

Next, ( A B ) 2 = ( A + B ) 2 4 A B = 64 4 × 15 = 4 A B = 4 = 2 (A - B)^{2} = (A + B)^{2} - 4AB = 64 - 4 \times 15 = 4 \Longrightarrow A - B = \sqrt{4} = 2 , where again we took the positive root, this time since A > B A \gt B .

Finally, A 2 B 2 = ( A + B ) ( A B ) = 8 × 2 = 16 A^{2} - B^{2} = (A + B)(A - B) = 8 \times 2 = \boxed{16} .

In response to Pi Han Goh's query, given A > B A \gt B we have that A + B = 8 , A B = 2 A = 5 , B = 3 A + B = 8, A - B = 2 \Longrightarrow A = 5, B = 3 .

Moderator note:

Note it is tempting to assume the values are integers, although they are given as real numbers. An appropriate proof would need to work with algebraic identities, as this one does (as well as the other top-rated proofs).

In a contest scenario where only the numerical answer is desired (and we can assume the answer is unique / correct), a solution that just involves quickly finding a substitution that works is also acceptable (as Soso La's solution does further down).

Make sense

Mohd O - 3 years ago

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Sure it does.

I agree that your derivation is correct. I don't see how to have thought of it though. Can you elaborate on how it came to mind for you?

Michael Smith - 3 years ago

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There are many ways to solve this problem, but my first instinct was to factor A 2 B 2 A^{2} - B^{2} as ( A + B ) ( A B ) (A + B)(A - B) , after which I knew I could evaluate separately ( A + B ) (A + B) and ( A B ) (A - B) with the given values of A 2 + B 2 A^{2} + B^{2} and A B AB .

Brian Charlesworth - 3 years ago

This is so smart

Laura Gao - 3 years ago

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Thanks! :)

Brian Charlesworth - 3 years ago

I do not understand anything

rebecca mandah - 3 years ago
Jason Dyer Staff
May 10, 2018

Relevant wiki: System of Equations - Substitution

From A B = 15 , AB = 15 , let B = 15 A B = \frac{15}{A} and substitute into A 2 + B 2 = 34 : A^2 + B^2 = 34 :

A 2 + 1 5 2 A 2 = 34 A 4 A 2 + 225 A 2 = 34 A 4 + 225 A 2 = 34 A 4 + 225 = 34 A 2 A 4 34 A 2 + 225 = 0 ( A 2 25 ) ( A 2 9 ) = 0 \begin{aligned} A^2 + \frac{15^2}{A^2} &= 34 \\ \frac{A^4}{A^2} + \frac{225}{A^2} &= 34 \\ \frac{A^4 + 225}{A^2} &= 34 \\ A^4 + 225 &= 34A^2 \\ A^4 - 34A^2 + 225 &= 0 \\ (A^2 - 25)(A^2 - 9) &= 0 \end{aligned}

Looking at positive solutions only, this gives us A = 5 A = 5 or A = 3. A = 3 . When A A takes one value B B takes the other, and A > B , A > B, so A = 5 A = 5 and B = 3. B = 3 . This gives a final answer of 5 2 3 2 = 25 9 = 16. 5^2 - 3^2 = 25 - 9 = 16 .

How did you get a^4 on the second line?

Anthony Mandella - 3 years ago

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I believe he has over complicated it but another way of writing A^2 is A^4/A^2. It would be easier if he has multiplied through by A^2 on the first line.

Pi Han Goh
May 9, 2018

Relevant wiki: Algebraic Identities

( A 2 + B 2 ) 2 ( A 2 B 2 ) 2 = 4 ( A B ) 2 3 4 2 ( A 2 B 2 ) 2 = 4 × 1 5 2 ( A 2 B 2 ) 2 = 3 4 2 4 × 1 5 2 = 256 = 1 6 2 A 2 B 2 = 16 , 16 \begin{aligned} (A^2 + B^2)^2 - (A^2 - B^2)^2 &=& 4(AB)^2 \\ 34^2 - (A^2 - B^2)^2 &=& 4 \times 15^2 \\ (A^2 - B^2)^2 &=& 34^2 - 4\times 15^2 = 256 = 16^2 \\ A^2 - B^2 &=& 16,-16 \end{aligned}

But since A > B A>B , then A 2 B 2 > 0 A^2 - B^2 > 0 , so A 2 B 2 = 16 A^2 -B^2 = \boxed{16} only.

However, is there a solution for A A and B B ?

A + B = 8 , A B = 2 A = 5 , B = 3 A + B = 8, A - B = 2 \Longrightarrow A = 5, B = 3 .

Brian Charlesworth - 3 years, 1 month ago

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Yeahh. It's important to verify for the existence of A A and B B . For example, if we replaced all the squares with cubes, then there's no solution.

Pi Han Goh - 3 years, 1 month ago

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True. With the cubes case, with A 3 + B 3 = 34 A^{3} + B^{3} = 34 we would require A B 1 7 2 / 3 6.61 AB \le 17^{2/3} \approx 6.61 in order to have a real solution. If we were to drop the conditions that A , B A,B are real and that A > B A \gt B then I believe A 3 B 3 = 111 A^{3} - B^{3} = 111 .

I suppose asking for A 3 B 3 A^{3} - B^{3} given that A > B , A 3 + B 3 = 35 , A B = 6 A \gt B, A^{3} + B^{3} = 35, AB = 6 would make for a good follow-up.

Brian Charlesworth - 3 years, 1 month ago

Hello! Sir. If you don't mind can you checkout my solution whether it's correct or not. :)

Naren Bhandari - 3 years, 1 month ago

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Yup correct. Upvoted

Pi Han Goh - 3 years, 1 month ago

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@Pi Han Goh Sir, I'm glad that you liked it. :) :)

Naren Bhandari - 3 years, 1 month ago

Smart and clear answer, good. 👍

@Pi Han Goh small and good solution.

Anand Badgujar - 3 years ago

There is two variables and two independent equation, so there will be solution and unique

Lingga Musroji - 3 years ago

good solution!!

Jan cao - 3 years ago
Zain Majumder
May 13, 2018

2 A B = 30 2AB = 30

A 2 + B 2 + 2 A B = 34 + 30 = 64 ( A + B ) 2 = 64 A + B = 8 A^2 + B^2 + 2AB = 34 + 30 = 64 \implies (A+B)^2 = 64 \implies A+B = 8

A 2 + B 2 2 A B = 34 30 = 4 ( A B ) 2 = 4 A B = 2 A^2 + B^2 - 2AB = 34 - 30 = 4 \implies (A-B)^2 = 4 \implies A-B = 2

( A + B ) ( A B ) = A 2 B 2 = 8 2 = 16 (A+B)(A-B) = A^2-B^2 = 8*2 = \boxed{16}

Soso La
May 13, 2018

Dang!! y'all are to smart, even if I still got it right the why i thought it up was eh?!

'' so what equals 15''

( 5 times 3)

5 to power of 2 =25

3 to power of 2 =9

then,25 + 9 = 34

25 - 9 = 16

yayyyyy!!!?

Exactly how I did it! Seemed so easy

Marc Thomas - 3 years ago

That seems to work, but there are infinite pairs of positive reals whose product is 15

Bor GU - 3 years ago
Alexis Lee
May 16, 2018

Squaring the equation A B = 15 AB=15 gives A 2 B 2 = 225 A^2B^2=225 . Now let x = A 2 x=A^2 and y = B 2 y=B^2 . Our equations become x + y = 34 x+y=34 , x y = 225 xy=225 . By Vieta, x x and y y are roots of the quadratic x 2 34 x + 225 x^2-34x+225 . We can factor this as ( x 9 ) ( x 25 ) (x-9)(x-25) , so we see that x = A 2 = 25 x=A^2=25 and y = B 2 = 9 y=B^2=9 . Our desired quantity is A 2 B 2 = 25 9 = 16 . A^2-B^2=25-9=\boxed{16}.

This is how I solved this problem only I was doing it in my head and I came up with the wrong factors in my head. I need more practice at solving quadratic equations in my head.

timothy Wise - 3 years ago
Marta Reece
May 11, 2018

All numbers given in the problem, including answers, are integers. So it is reasonable to attempt to find integer solutions for A A and B B .

The product A B = 15 = 5 3 AB=15=5\cdot3 . Since A > B A>B , let's set A = 5 , B = 3 A=5, B=3 .

Let's check the value of A 2 + B 2 A^2+B^2 . It is indeed 5 2 + 3 2 = 25 + 9 = 34 5^2+3^2=25+9=34 .

So our guess does satisfy all conditions and A 2 B 2 = 5 2 3 2 = 25 9 = 16 A^2-B^2=5^2-3^2=25-9=\boxed{16} .

Even if A 2 + B 2 , A B , A 2 B 2 A^2 + B^2 , AB, A^2 - B^2 are integers, that doesn't necessarily imply that A , B A, B are integers.

In fact, because these are all homogenous of degree 2, a natural counter example is (say) A = 3 2 , B = 2 2 A = 3\sqrt{2}, B = 2 \sqrt{2} .

Calvin Lin Staff - 3 years ago
Naren Bhandari
May 9, 2018

What i find is that ,"The sum of square of two distinct primes greater than 2 2 is always an even number which follows as ± 2 m o d ( 4 ) \pm 2 \mod(4) " ie p 1 2 + p 2 2 = e e ± 2 m o d ( 4 ) . p_1^2 + p_2^2 = e \qquad e\equiv \pm 2\mod(4). See note in comment section.

Since 34 ± 2 m o d ( 4 ) 34\equiv \pm 2 \mod(4) , so A A and B B must be two distinct primes less that 7 7 since 7 2 > 34 7^2> 34 . Hence, A = 5 A =5 and B = 3 B=3 as A > B A>B . Therefore , A 2 B 2 = 25 9 = 16 A^2-B^2 =25-9=\boxed{16}


Similar problem

The sum of square of two distinct primes greater than 2 2 is always an even number which follows as ± 2 m o d ( 4 ) \pm 2 \mod(4) ie p 1 2 + p 2 2 = e e ± 2 m o d ( 4 ) . p_1^2 + p_2^2 = e \qquad e\equiv \pm 2\mod(4). Primes are odd numbers greater than 2. Therefore, let p 1 = 2 n 1 ± 1 p_1 = 2n_1\pm 1 and p 2 = 2 n 2 ± 1 p_2 =2n_2\pm 1 where n 1 n_1 and n 2 > 1 n_2 > 1 . Now p 1 2 + p 2 2 = ( 2 n 1 ± 1 ) 2 + ( 2 n 2 ± 1 ) 2 e = 4 n 1 2 ± 4 n 1 + 4 n 2 2 ± 4 n 2 + 2 = 4 ( n 1 2 + n 2 2 ± n 1 ± n 2 ) + 2 OR e = 4 n 1 2 ± 4 n 1 + 4 n 2 2 ± 4 n 2 + 4 2 = 4 ( n 1 2 + n 2 2 ± n 1 ± n 2 + 1 ) 2 p_1^2 + p_2^2 = (2n_1\pm 1 )^2 + (2n_2\pm 1)^2 \\ e = 4n_1^2 \pm 4n_1 + 4n_2^2 \pm 4n_2 + 2= 4\,(n_1^2+n_2^2 \pm n_1\pm n_2 )+2 \\ \text{OR} \\ e= 4n_1^2 \pm 4n_1 + 4n_2^2 \pm 4n_2 +{\color{#3D99F6}4-2} = 4\, (n_1^2+n_2^2\pm n_1\pm n_2+1)-2 shows that when an even number e e is divisible by 4 4 leaving the remainder ± 2 \pm 2 . Hence it is true .

Naren Bhandari - 3 years, 1 month ago

It is not stated that A A and B B are integers, so they need not be primes.

Jeremy Galvagni - 3 years ago
宇霄 翟
May 14, 2018

A 2 B 2 = ( A B ) ( A + B ) = ( ( A B ) 2 ) ( ( A + B ) 2 ) = ( A 2 + B 2 2 A B ) ( A 2 + B 2 + 2 A B ) \begin{array}{rcl} A^2-B^2&=&(A-B)(A+B)\\ &=&\sqrt((A-B)^2)\cdot\sqrt((A+B)^2)\\ &=&\sqrt(A^2+B^2-2AB)\cdot\sqrt(A^2+B^2+2AB)\\ \end{array}

Yazeed - David
May 14, 2018

Given that A^2 + B^2 equals a maximum of 34 and A is always less than B, with quick intuitive trail and error we can test numbers starting with 6.

6^2 = 36 which is > 34, implying that A can not be > 5 and hence, B < 5. Setting A = 5, we can calculate A^2 = 25.

Then we see that 34 - 25 = 9 to satisfy the equation. For B^2 = 9, then B = 3

Therefore, A^2 - B^2 = 5^2 - 3^2 = 25 - 9 = 16

Solución: 15 = 3 . 5 (5x5) + (3x3)= 34 5.3 = 15 5>3 A=5 B=3 25 - 9 = 16

Edwin Gray
May 14, 2018

AB =15, A^2 + B^2 = 34 imply A^2 + 2AB +B^2 = (A + B)^2 = 64 imply A + B = 8. A^2 - 2AB + B^2 = (A - B)^2 =4 imply A - B = 2. Then A^2 - B^2 = (A - B)(A + B) =2*8=16. Ed Gray

( A + B ) 2 (A+B)^2 = A 2 + B 2 + 2 A B = 34 + 30 = 64 A^2 + B^2+ 2AB = 34 + 30 = 64

This means: A + B = 8 ; B = 8 A A + B = 8 ; B = 8 - A

So: A B = A ( 8 A ) = 8 A A 2 = 15 AB= A · (8-A) = 8A - A^2 = 15

Then: A 2 8 A + 15 = 0 A^2 - 8A + 15 = 0

♤A =5, ♧A= 3

Being A>B

A= 5 ; B = 3.

A 2 B 2 = 25 9 = 16 A^2 - B^2 = 25 - 9 = 16

Terry Smith
May 14, 2018

The factors of 15 are 1,15 and 3,5. 25+9 = 34 25-9 = 16

Vincent Tran
May 13, 2018

15 is only 15 x 1 or 5 x3

We know 15^2 > 32 so it must be 5 and 3

We know a > b

So a = 5,b = 3

5^2-3^2

= 25 - 9

=16

It is not stated that A A and B B are integers, so they need not be primes.

Jeremy Galvagni - 3 years ago
Michael Mendrin
May 11, 2018

a 2 + b 2 = 34 a^2+b^2=34
a b = 15 ab=15

hence

( a + b ) 2 = 34 + 2 15 = 64 (a+b)^2=34+2\cdot15=64
( a b ) 2 = 34 2 15 = 4 (a-b)^2=34-2\cdot15=4
( a 2 b 2 ) 2 = 64 4 (a^2-b^2)^2=64\cdot4

so that the answer is

( a 2 b 2 ) = 64 4 = 16 (a^2-b^2)=\sqrt{64\cdot4}=16

Amal Swalih
May 19, 2018

DONT TRY TOO HARD

Step 1: A Square + B Square = 34

It means the squares of both A and B must be less than 34

Step 2: Find squares less than 34 They are 25, 16, 9, 4, 1

Step 3: Among these which of them adds up to give 34? 25 and 9.

Step 4: So A and B might be 5 and 3, satisfying the conditions --->> A>B as well as A,B are positive real numbers.

Step 5: A square - B square = 5 square - 3 square = 16

Nei Za Mo
May 19, 2018

Using prime factorization we find that AB=15 means that either A or B has to be 5 and the other variable has to be 3. Since A>B, A=5 and B=3.

5^2 - 3^2 = 25 - 9 = 16

(The Term A^2 + B^2 = 34 isn't necessary to solve the problem)

Priyanshu Sappra
May 19, 2018

(A+B)^2=A^2+B^2+2AB (A+B)^2=34+2*15 (A+B)^2=64 A+B=8 A=8-B AB=15 (8-B)B=15 B^2-8B+15=0 (B-5)(B-3)=0 B=3(A>B) A=5 A^2-B^2=25-9 =16

Since AB=15 and prime factorization of 15 is 3×5 or 5×3 we can compare it with A and B. So A =5 and B =3

Prashant Gupta
May 18, 2018

We know that (A+B)^2= A^2+B^2+2AB Or. (A+B)^2-2AB= A^2+B^2 Therefore (A+B)^2-2AB= 34 (A+B)^2- 30= 34. (Because AB=15) (A+B)^2= 64 And. A+B= 8 We get A= 8-B Putting the value of A AB=15 B(8-B)= 15 Or B^2-5B-3B+15=0 (B-3)(B-5)=0. Therefore B= 5 or 3 As we have given that A>B so B=3 Putting the value of B in eq. AB=15 We get A=5 And so lastly we can easily calculate A^2-B^2=? 5^2-3^2= 16

All the possible answers are natural numbers, so it's a good idea to focus on them only. The only way to make AB=15 supposing A and B are naturals, and knowing that A>B, is to make A=5 and B=3. This solution also satisfies the first equality. So the answers to the problem must be 16.

Arya A
May 17, 2018

For two numbers , Say we have 6 and 8

8² - 6² => 64 - 36 = 28

But on the other side we can solve it by (A - B )² = ( A + B )( A - B )

( 8 + 6 ) ( 8 - 6 ) => 14 * 2 = 28

Rahul Sharma
May 16, 2018

Since A*B=15 and it can only be formed by pairs of (3,5) or (5,3) excluding (15,1) so according to question A is greater than B so A has to be 5 that means (A^2)-(B^2)= 25-9=16.

William Armstrong
May 15, 2018

A A & B B are positive real numbers, such that A > B A>B , A 2 + B 2 = 34 A^2 + B^2 = 34 , A B = 15 AB = 15

Factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5, 15. 15 squared is 225, which is much greater than 34. The only other options are 1, 3, and 5. 1 2 = 1 1^2 = 1 and 34 1 = 33 34 - 1 = 33 . 33 isn't a square number.

This leaves 5 2 + 3 2 = 34 25 + 9 = 34 5^2 + 3^2 = 34 \Longrightarrow 25 + 9 = 34 therefore A = 5 B = 3 A = 5 \quad B = 3

Then we only need to substitute and get 25 9 = 16 25 - 9 = 16

Un Owen
May 15, 2018

A²+B²=(A+B)²-2AB A²+B²+2AB=(A+B)² (A+B)²=34+30=64 (A+B)=8 If A+B=8, and A>B, and AB=15, then A must be 5, and B must be 3. So: A²-B²=(A+B)(A-B)=(5+3)(5-3)=16

C M
May 15, 2018

AB=15 so AxB is 15. what can it be? 5x3=15. AxA is 5x5= 25. If you want 34, then it has to be B=9. BxB is 3x3=9 and this is correct. So now you know that A is 5 or 3 and B 5 or 3. A>B so 5 is A and 3 is B. AxA-BxB is simply 25-9=16.

Affan Morshed
May 15, 2018

Make A or B the subject one the last formula, then use substitution to solve for A or B in the second formula (you could use the third formula and use the second formula for the initial step, but that is unnecessarily inconvenient), and then solve the other variable, and then solve the problem (you could do it more efficiently in multiple ways but that would take too long to explain). I personally just used trial and error as this was an integer and I was too lazy to actually solve for the issue properly.

Kai Yang Khoo
May 15, 2018

15 = 1×15 or 3×5

So if A = 15 and B = 1,

A squared + B squared = 225 + 1 = 226

However, the question states that A squared + B squared = 34.

So let's try A = 5 and B = 3,

A squared + B squared = 25 + 9 = 34.

So A squared - B squared = 25 - 9 = 16

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