Can you find the ordered pairs?

Algebra Level 3

{ 2 x 2 + y + 2 x + y 2 = 128 x + y = 8 \large {\begin{cases}{2^{x^2+y} + 2^{x+y^2} = 128} \\ { \sqrt{x} + \sqrt{y} = \sqrt{8} } \end{cases} }

Find the sum of all real numbers x , y x,y that satisfy the system of equations above.


This problem is inspired by a problem from the Regional Mathematics Olympiad 2011, India.


The answer is 4.

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2 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Jul 26, 2015

It is given that:

{ 2 x 2 + y + 2 x + y 2 = 128 . . . ( 1 ) x + y = 2 2 . . . ( 2 ) \begin{cases} 2^{x^2+y} + 2^{x+y^2} = 128 & ...(1) \\ \sqrt{x} + \sqrt{y} = 2\sqrt{2} &...(2) \end{cases}

From ( 2 ) (2) we note that x 0 x \ge 0 and y 0 y \ge 0 .

Using AM-GM inequality:

2 x 2 + y + 2 x + y 2 2 2 x 2 + y + x + y 2 128 2 2 x 2 + y + x + y 2 2 x 2 + y + x + y 2 64 = 2 6 2 x 2 + x + y 2 + y 2 12 x 2 + x + y 2 + y 12 \begin{aligned} 2^{x^2+y} + 2^{x+y^2} & \ge 2 \sqrt{2^{x^2+y + x+y^2}} \\ 128 & \ge 2 \sqrt{2^{x^2+y + x+y^2}} \\ \Rightarrow \sqrt{2^{x^2+y + x+y^2}} & \le 64 = 2^6 \\ 2^{x^2+x +y^2+y} & \le 2^{12} \\ x^2+x +y^2+y & \le 12 \end{aligned}

Using Cauchy-Schwarz inequality:

( x + y ) 2 ( 1 + 1 ) ( x + y ) 8 2 ( x + y ) x + y 4 ( x + y ) 2 ( 1 + 1 ) ( x 2 + y 2 ) x 2 + y 2 8 x 2 + x + y 2 + y 12 \begin{aligned} \left(\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{y} \right)^2 & \le (1+1)(x+y) \\ 8 & \le 2(x+y) \\ \Rightarrow x + y & \ge 4 \\ \Rightarrow (x+y)^2 & \le (1+1)(x^2+y^2) \\ x^2 + y^2 & \ge 8 \\ x^2+x +y^2+y & \ge 12\end{aligned}

We note that 12 x 2 + x + y 2 + y 12 x 2 + x + y 2 + y = 12 12 \le x^2+x +y^2+y \le 12 \quad \Rightarrow x^2+x +y^2+y = 12 . And equality happens when x = y x = y and since x + y = 4 x + y = 4 x = y = 2 \quad \Rightarrow x = y = 2 . The sum of all real numbers x , y x,y satisfying both the equations is 2 + 2 = 4 2+2 = \boxed{4} .

Moderator note:

Great that you mentioned x , y 0 x, y \geq 0 , which is what allows us to apply AM-GM!

You are simply awesome sir! What can I do to think like you?

Aakash Khandelwal - 5 years, 10 months ago

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You are still very young. You will be good if not better than I. Try more problems and try to see the patterns.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 5 years, 10 months ago

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Thank you for encouraging me sir. But i need to learn all these tricks before by JEE 2017. Can you suggest me some ways to look for patterns

Aakash Khandelwal - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Aakash Khandelwal You have to sort of guess what the questioner set the questions. He definitely use a technique to set the question. You have to figure out what it is. For this problem the clues are from 2, the square roots that make x and y > 0, suggesting the use of AM-GM. The rest is trial and error. I actually cheated. I first solve it by putting in values for x x and then solve for y = 8 x \sqrt{y} = \sqrt{8} - \sqrt{x} . Use the value of x x and y y in the find equation to find the x x that satisfies the equation. There is only one solution x = 2 x=2 and y = 2 y=2 . Then I figure out the problem must be solved this way. To bad in exam I can't do the same.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Chew-Seong Cheong Oh!! Brilliant. Thank you sir.Your advice would surely last in my mind.

Aakash Khandelwal - 5 years, 10 months ago
Department 8
Jul 29, 2015

I think it should be of number theory

8 \sqrt{8} can be written as 2 2 2\sqrt{2} .

We see from the second equation that x , y 0 x,y \ge 0

Therefore x = y = 2 x=y=2 or x = 8 , y = 0 x=8, y=0 or x = 0 , y = 8 x=0, y=8

We can apply these values in the first equation and see that only x = y = 2 x=y=2 satisfy therefore our answer should be 2 + 2 = 4 2+2=\boxed{4}

You are required to find real values of x , y x,y , not the integral values. In this case, your approach is wrong.

Satyajit Mohanty - 5 years, 10 months ago

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Sorry @Satyajit Mohanty

Department 8 - 5 years, 10 months ago

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