Circling a parabola!

Geometry Level 4

From the vertex O O of the parabola y 2 = 4 a x y^2 = 4ax , two distinct chords are drawn which intersect the parabola at two distinct points P P and Q Q . Two circles are then drawn with chords O P OP and O Q OQ as their respective diameters. These circles intersect each other at two points, at O O and at another point inside the parabola, R R . Let θ 1 \theta_1 and θ 2 \theta_2 be the respective gradients of the tangents to the parabola at P P and Q Q respectively and φ \varphi be the gradient of the line O R OR . Find the value of cot θ 1 + cot θ 2 \cot \theta_1 + \cot \theta_2 in terms of φ \varphi .

2 cot φ 2 \cot \varphi 2 tan φ -2 \tan \varphi 0 2 tan ( π φ ) -2 \tan ( \pi - \varphi)

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2 solutions

Tapas Mazumdar
Dec 12, 2016

Let P ( a t 1 2 , 2 a t 1 ) P \equiv (a{t_1}^2 , 2at_1) and Q ( a t 2 2 , 2 a t 2 ) Q \equiv (a{t_2}^2 , 2at_2) be the two parametric points on the parabola y 2 = 4 a x y^2 = 4ax .

Now,

Equation of circle ( O P OP as diameter) C 1 x ( x a t 1 2 ) + y ( y 2 a t 1 ) = 0 x 2 + y 2 a t 1 2 x 2 a t 1 y = 0 C_1 \equiv x(x-a{t_1}^2) + y(y-2at_1) = 0 \implies x^2 + y^2 - a{t_1}^2 x - 2at_1 y = 0

Equation of circle ( O Q OQ as diameter) C 2 x ( x a t 2 2 ) + y ( y 2 a t 1 ) = 0 x 2 + y 2 a t 2 2 x 2 a t 2 y = 0 C_2 \equiv x(x-a{t_2}^2) + y(y-2at_1) = 0 \implies x^2 + y^2 - a{t_2}^2 x - 2at_2 y = 0

Since O R OR is a common chord for C 1 C_1 and C 2 C_2 , therefore its equation is:

C 1 C 2 a t 2 2 x a t 1 2 x + 2 a t 2 y 2 a t 1 y = 0 ( t 1 + t 2 ) x + 2 y = 0 C_1 - C_2 \equiv a{t_2}^2 x - a{t_1}^2 x + 2at_2 y - 2at_1 y = 0 \implies (t_1 + t_2) x + 2y = 0

whose gradient is given by,

tan φ = ( t 1 + t 2 ) 2 ( 1 ) \tan \varphi = - \dfrac{(t_1 + t_2)}{2} \qquad \cdots(1)

Now,

Gradient of tangent to the parabola y 2 = 4 a x y^2 = 4ax at t 1 = 1 t 1 t_1 = \dfrac{1}{t_1}

Gradient of tangent to the parabola y 2 = 4 a x y^2 = 4ax at t 2 = 1 t 2 t_2 = \dfrac{1}{t_2}

So,

tan θ 1 = 1 t 1 cot θ 1 = t 1 tan θ 2 = 1 t 2 cot θ 2 = t 2 \tan \theta_1 = \dfrac{1}{t_1} \implies \cot \theta_1 = t_1 \\ \tan \theta_2 = \dfrac{1}{t_2} \implies \cot \theta_2 = t_2

Thus, from ( 1 ) (1) ,

tan φ = ( cot θ 1 + cot θ 2 ) 2 cot θ 1 + cot θ 2 = 2 tan φ \tan \varphi = - \dfrac{(\cot \theta_1 + \cot \theta_2)}{2} \\ \therefore \cot \theta_1 + \cot \theta_2 = \boxed{-2 \tan \varphi}

Nice image! What app do you draw it with?

Pi Han Goh - 4 years, 6 months ago

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Thanks. I did it using desmos graphing calculator.

Tapas Mazumdar - 4 years, 6 months ago

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Very clear solution! I didn't think this question can be solved using simple coordinate geometry approach. I'm under the impression that there's some obscure Euclidean geometry trick...

Pi Han Goh - 4 years, 6 months ago

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@Pi Han Goh Haha. The best way is to start from the simplest. :)

Tapas Mazumdar - 4 years, 6 months ago
Satyam Tripathi
Dec 11, 2016

Did it by generalisation

Generalization of what? Can you elaborate on it?

Pi Han Goh - 4 years, 6 months ago

Can you please briefly explain what your generalization was and how did you come up with it?

Tapas Mazumdar - 4 years, 6 months ago

Bdw in which class u are ?? I am from Fitjee lko

Satyam Tripathi - 4 years, 6 months ago

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FIITJEE Raipur, Pinnacle. Currently in 11th. :) Btw, I'm sorry. I didn't get what you meant by 'lko'.

Tapas Mazumdar - 4 years, 6 months ago

Lko : Lucknow ..

Satyam Tripathi - 4 years, 6 months ago

By simple assumption and putting values bcoz I always find it difficult to go with variables

Satyam Tripathi - 4 years, 6 months ago

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Too lucky you got the right answer. One of my other buddies did the same but he was unlucky as he took the inclinations of the diameter to be same (i.e., θ \theta and θ -\theta ). And as so you know cot ( θ ) = cot θ \cot(-\theta) = -\cot \theta , so he ended up with zero as the answer.

Tapas Mazumdar - 4 years, 6 months ago

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