coefficient problem

Algebra Level 5

Find the coefficient of x 70 x^{70} in the expansion of ( x 1 ) ( x 2 2 ) ( x 3 3 ) . . . . ( x 11 11 ) ( x 12 12 ) (x-1)(x^2-2)(x^3-3)....(x^{11}-11)(x^{12}-12)


If you're looking to skyrocket your preparation for JEE-2015, then go for solving this set of questions .


The answer is 4.

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2 solutions

Mvs Saketh
Feb 19, 2015

This was such an awesome problem, but i believe my way is bad, real bad, i request you to please upload a good method,

Here is my way, on multiplying all x-powers, we get 78 as exponent, so i just gotta cancel some brackets to remove x^(8) and then jump on their coefficients, example divide by x^8 and and multiply (-8) from the 8 th bracket,

so first case, do this for one bracket,

obviously only one way, jump on all x's (which means multiply) but for the 8 th bracket, jump on the coefficient to get -8x^(70)

, then 8= a+b , or two brackets jump case,

this is extremely symplified because a and b cant be equal,, also 1,7 and 7,1 are not distinct pair of brackets,

so we simply, have (1,7) (2,6) and (3,5)

yeilding (7+12+15)x^(70)

, now a+b+c=8, three bracket case, clearly 2+3+4= 9, so nope, atleast one 1 must be there, so we just need solutions for 7=a+b, again a and b distinct and not interpermutable ,, thus we have (1,2,5) and (1,3,4)

clearly 8=a+b+c+d not possible and beyond,

so we simply have -8+7+12+15-10-12=4

but what is the intended way @Sandeep Bhardwaj

This is the correct way, I guess. I too did the same way. But still is there a good expansion?

Kartik Sharma - 6 years, 3 months ago

Please explain your method more clearly.

Ninad Akolekar - 6 years, 3 months ago

I did the same way.

Akshat Jain - 6 years, 3 months ago

i did the same way great method to a great problem

Yash Sharma - 6 years, 3 months ago

https://brilliant.org/problems/find-the-areaonly-your-logic-can-help-you/?group=3UHxOzwinQpA&ref_id=384997

PLEASE TRY TO DO THIS AWSOME PROBLEM TOO..post a solution if you get......................i am waiting for an awesome solution that i made while creating this problem

Yash Sharma - 6 years, 3 months ago

Brilliant Problem And solution!

Prakhar Bindal - 5 years, 3 months ago

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I think everybody did it this lengthy but efficient way .!!!

vineet golcha - 5 years, 2 months ago

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Yeah You Are Right. other approach is using coefficients which would rather be much calculative

Prakhar Bindal - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Prakhar Bindal Will u give aits mains this Sunday????

vineet golcha - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Vineet Golcha I Think that is not for us. We were only required to appear in the open test otherwise we would have appeared in papers held before that too ! .Also if we have to give it then also i won't give as i will not be in delhi from Sunday to wednesday

Prakhar Bindal - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Prakhar Bindal Same here not in Delhi!!! Where are u going?? I have not done whole but bits of archive from different chapters of organic

vineet golcha - 5 years, 2 months ago

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@Vineet Golcha Taking A Break of 4 days before classes start (Going to Dehradun-Dhanaulti)

Prakhar Bindal - 5 years, 2 months ago

@Vineet Golcha Have A Look at this

http://www.fiitjeeeastdelhi.com/TT.pdf

So i think we aren't required to appear in that. Have you Done Archive Of Carbonyl Compounds?

Prakhar Bindal - 5 years, 2 months ago

I did the same way, but missed 1, 2, 5.
L e t F ( k , m , n ) = ( x k k ) ( x m m ) ( x n n ) a n d F ( 0 , 0 , r ) = F ( r ) , a n d F ( 0 , q , r ) = F ( q , r ) F ( 1 , . . . , 12 ) = ( x 1 ) ( x 2 2 ) ( x 3 3 ) . . . . ( x 11 11 ) ( x 12 12 ) = x 70 + 8 a x 77 ± b x 76 ± c x 75 ± d x 74 ± e x 73 ± f x 72 ± g x 71 ± ? x 70 ± . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F ( 1 , . . . 12 ) F ( p , q , r ) = ? x 70 ± . . . . . . . . . w h e r e p + q + r = 8. V a r i o u s p , q , r f o r p + q + r = 8 ( i n t e g e r c o m p o s i t i o n o f 8 p o s s i b l e h e r e ) : ( 8 ) ( 1 , 7 ) , ( 2 , 6 ) , ( 3 , 5 ) , ( 1 , 2 , 5 ) , ( 1 , 3 , 4 ) . ? = 8 + ( 1 7 ) + ( 2 6 ) + ( 3 5 ) + ( 1 2 5 ) + ( 1 3 4 ) = 4. \color{#D61F06}{Let~F ( k, ~m, ~n )=(x^k-k)(x^m-m)(x^n-n)~~~and~~~F ( 0,0,r)=F(r),~ ~and ~~F(0,q,r)=F(q,r)\\ \therefore~~ F (1, . . . ,12 )~=(x-1)(x^2-2)(x^3-3)....(x^{11}-11)(x^{12}-12)\\ =x^{70+8} - ax^{77} \pm bx^{76} \pm cx^{75} \pm dx^{74} \pm ex^{73} \pm fx^{72} \pm gx^{71}\pm {\Large ?}x^{70} \pm ...........................\\ \therefore~ \dfrac{F(1, . . .12)} {F ( p,q,r)}\\ ={\Large ?}x^{70} \pm .........where~p+q+r = - 8.\\ Various~ p, q, r~ ~for~~ ~ p+q+r = - 8 ~~(integer ~composition~of~~-8~possible~here):-\\ (-8)~~~~||~~~(-1,-7),~~~~(-2,-6),~~~~(-3,-5), ~~~~||~~~(-1,-2,-5),~~~~(-1,-3,-4).\\ \therefore~~{\Large ?}= -8 +(-1*-7)+(-2*-6)+(-3*-5)+(-1*-2*-5)+(-1*-3*-4)=\Huge~~~~ \color{#D61F06}{4}. } \\

Working with brackets of the type ( aX^p+b), a,b are signed integers , p is +tive integer..
We brake up the brackets into two groups.
First group where the product of brackets give highest power of x we desire.
Let P1 be the product of coefficient of each x term.
Second group has the rest of brackets, if any .
Product of constants of the second group be P2. If there is no second group, P2=1.
P1 * P2 is the desired coefficient. If all X term has 1 as coefficient, P1=1.
Brake up of the brackets can be in more than one path. In that case, algebraic sum of P1 * P2 from each path is the desired coefficient.
L e t u s t a k e a n e x a m p l e : ( a X + p ) ( b X 2 + q ) ( c X 3 + r ) ( d X 3 + s ) = a b c d X 9 + b c d p X 8 + a c d q X 7 + ( a b c s + a b d r + b c d p ) X 6 + ( b c p s + b d p s ) X 5 + ( a c p s + a d p r ) X 4 + ( a b r s + c p q s ) X 3 + b p r s X 2 + a q r s X 1 + p q r s . H O W ? X 9 , o n l y o n e g r o u p . W e u s e a l l f o u r b r a c k e t s . a b c d X 9 . X 8 o b t a i n b y ( b X 2 + q ) ( c X 3 + r ) ( d X 3 + s ) = b c d X 9 + . . . . , a n d ( a x + p ) = . . . . + p b c d p X 8 . X 7 o b t a i n j u s t a s f o r X 8 . b y ( a X + p ) ( c X 3 + r ) ( d X 3 + s ) = a c d X 7 + . . . . a n d b X 2 + q = . . . . + q a c d q X 7 . X 6 o b t a i n b y T H R E E d i f f r e n t p a t h s : [ 1 ] ( a X + p ) ( b X 2 + q ) ( c X 3 + r ) = a b c X 6 + . . . . a n d ( d X 3 + s ) = . . . . + s a b c s X 6 . [ 2 ] ( a X + p ) ( b X 2 + q ) ( d X 3 + s ) = a b d X 6 + . . . . a n d ( c X 3 + r ) = . . . . + r a b d r X 6 . [ 3 ] ( c X 3 + r ) ( d X 3 + s ) = c d X 6 + . . . . a n d ( a X + p ) ( b X 2 + q ) = . . . . + p q c d p q X 6 . ( a b c s + a b d r + c d p q ) X 6 . X 5 o b t a i n b y T W O d i f f r e n t p a t h s : [ 1 ] ( b X 2 + q ) ( c X 3 + r ) = b c X 5 + . . . . a n d ( a X + p ) ( d X 3 + s ) = . . . . + p s b c p s X 5 . [ 2 ] ( b X 2 + q ) ( d X 3 + s ) = b d X 6 + . . . . a n d ( a X + p ) ( c X 3 + r ) = . . . . + p r b d p r X 5 . ( b c p s + b d p r ) X 5 . X 4 o b t a i n b y T W O d i f f r e n t p a t h s . F i r s t g r o u p , 1 s t a n d 3 r d b r a c k e t s , a n d 1 s t a n d 4 t h b r a c k e t s . R e s t f o r s e c o n d g r o u p . J u s t a s f o r X 5 a b o v e . X 3 o b t a i n b y T H R E E d i f f r e n t p a t h s : [ 1 ] ( a X + p ) ( b X 2 + q ) = a b X 3 + . . . . a n d ( c X 3 + r ) ( d X 3 + s ) = . . . . + r s a b r s X 3 . [ 2 ] ( c X 3 + r ) = c X 3 + . . . . a n d ( a X + p ) ( b X 2 + q ) ( d X 3 + s ) = . . . . + p q s c p q s C 3 [ 3 ] ( d X 3 + s ) = d X 3 + . . . . a n d ( a X + p ) ( b X 2 + q ) ( c X 3 + r ) = . . . . + p q r . d p q r X 3 X 2 o b t a i n b y ( b X 2 q ) = b X 2 + . . . . a n d ( a X + p ) ( c X 3 + r ) ( d X 3 + s ) = . . . . + p r s b p r s X 2 . X b y ( a X + p ) a n d ( b X 2 + q ) ( c X 3 + r ) ( d X 3 + s ) , S o a q r s X . C o n s t a n t t e r m = p q r s . The problem given is much simple. 1)All X coefficients are 1. 2)Powers of X and constants are consecutive integers. \color{#D61F06}{ Let~us~take~an~example:-\\ (aX+p)(bX^2+q)(cX^3+r)(dX^3+s)\\ =abcdX^9+bcd*pX^8+acd*qX^7+(abc*s+abd*r+bcd*p)X^6+(bc*ps+bd*ps)X^5\\ +(ac*ps+ad*pr)X^4+(ab*rs+c*pqs)X^3+~b*prsX^2+~a*qrsX^1+~pqrs.~~~~~HOW? }\\ X^9,~only ~one~group. We~use~all~four~brackets. ~~~~ \implies~abcdX^9. \\ X^8~obtain~by~(bX^2+q)(cX^3+r)(dX^3+s)=bcdX^9 +.... ,~~and~~~(ax+p)=....+p~~\implies~~bcdpX^8. \\ X^7~obtain~just ~as ~for ~X^8. ~~by~(aX+p)(cX^3+r)(dX^3+s)=acdX^7~+ .... ~~and~~bX^2+q=....+ q~~~\implies~acdqX^7. \\ X^6~obtain~by~THREE~diffrent~paths:- \\ \ \ \ \ \ [1]~~(aX+p)(b X^2+q)(cX^3+r)=abc X^6~+....~~~and~~(dX^3+s)=....+s~~~~ \implies~~abcs X^6.\\ \ \ \ \ \ [2]~~(aX+p)(b X^2+q)(dX^3+s)=abd X^6~+....and~~(cX^3+r)=.... + r~~\implies ~~abdr X^6.\\ \ \ \ \ \ [3]~~(c X^3+r)(dX^3+s)=cd X^6+....~~~and~~(aX+p)(b X^2+q)=....+~pq~~\implies cdpq X^6.\\ \implies~~(abcs+abdr + cdpq)X^6. \\ X^5~obtain~by~TWO~diffrent~paths:- \\ \ \ \ \ \ [1]~~(b X^2+q)(cX^3+r)=bc X^5~+....~~~and~~(aX+p)(dX^3+s)=....+~ps~~\implies bcps X^5.\\ \ \ \ \ \ [2]~~(b X^2+q)(dX^3+s)=bd X^6~+....~~~and~~(aX+p)(cX^3+r)=.... +~pr~~\implies bdpr X^5.\\ \therefore ~(~~bcps~+~bdpr)X^5. \\ X^4~obtain~by~TWO~diffrent~paths. \\ {\large~First ~group},~~~1^{st}~and~3^{rd}~brackets,~~~ ~and~~~1^{st}~and~4^{th}~brackets.~~~Rest~ for~second~group.~Just~as~for ~X^5 ~above.\\ X^3~obtain~by~THREE~diffrent~paths:- \\ \ \ \ \ \ [1]~~(aX+p)(b X^2+q)=ab X^3~+....~~~and~~(cX^3+r)(dX^3+s)=.... ~+rs~~\implies abrs X^3.\\ \ \ \ \ \ [2]~~(cX^3+r)=cX^3~+.... ~~~and~~(aX+p)(b X^2+q)(dX^3+s)=.... +~pqs~~~\implies~cpqsC^3 \\ \ \ \ \ \ [3]~~(dX^3+s)=dX^3~+.... ~~~and~~(aX+p)(b X^2+q)(cX^3+r)=....+~pqr.~~~\implies~~dpqrX^3 \\ X^2~obtain~by ~ (b X^2-q)=bX^2+.... ~~~and~~~~(aX+p)(c X^3+r)(dX^3+s)=....~+prs~~\implies~ bprsX^2.\\ X~by~(aX+p)~and ~ ~~(b X^2+q)(c X^3+r)(dX^3+s), ~~So~~aqrsX.\\ Constant ~term=pqrs.\\ \text{The problem given is much simple. 1)All X coefficients are 1. }\\ \text{2)Powers of X and constants are consecutive integers. }

Niranjan Khanderia - 4 years, 2 months ago

Did it in the same way. Nice one

Nivedit Jain - 3 years, 5 months ago
Anshuman Padhi
Apr 2, 2015

I too did the same way

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