Find the sum of all the prime solutions to .
You may use a calculator for the final step of your calculation.
Note : You may find this list of primes helpful.
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We basically need to check the points (if at all) where e a x = x b , or, equivalently, e c x = x where a = ln 1 1 , b = 9 1 , c = b a . Now, consider the function f ( x ) = e c x − x . Then, f ′ ( x ) = c e c x − 1 , f ′ ′ ( x ) = c 2 e c x . If c > 0 , the function is strictly convex, and hence f has a unique global minima. Also, at the point of minima, we have f ( x ) = 1 / c ( 1 + ln c ) . Since here c < 1 / e , the minimum value of the function is negative. But since f ( 0 ) = 1 , lim x → ∞ f ( x ) = + ∞ , due to continuity of the function we can apply intermediate value theorem to obtain that the function has two real roots, i.e. f ( x ) = 0 for two values of x .
So, it remains to find the two roots x 1 , x 2 , so that then we have f ( x ) < 0 , ∀ x ∈ ( x 1 , x 2 ) , and hence x b > a x , ∀ x ∈ ( x 1 , x 2 ) . There does not seem to be any known method to explicitly find the solutions, except the use of the Lambert's W function . Using this function, the solution to e c x = x turns out to be x = − c W ( − c ) , which produces the lower limit ≈ 1 . 0 2 7 4 4 , and the upper limit ≈ 2 0 1 . 3 2 0 6 . Thus, the desired solution is the sum of all the prime numbers between 2 and 2 0 1 (inclusive), which evaluates to 4 2 2 7 .