Complicated Complex Fractions

Algebra Level 5

Let x , y x, y and z z be complex numbers such that

x + y + z = 2 x + y + z = 2

x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 3 x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 3

x y z = 4 xyz = 4 .

Evaluate

1 x y + z 1 + 1 y z + x 1 + 1 z x + y 1 |\frac {1}{xy + z - 1} + \frac {1}{yz + x - 1} + \frac {1}{zx + y - 1}|


The answer is 0.22222222222222.

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1 solution

Sharky Kesa
Apr 9, 2014

Let S S be the desired value. Note that

x y + z 1 = x y + 1 x y = ( x 1 ) ( y 1 ) xy + z - 1 = xy + 1 - x - y = (x - 1)(y - 1)

from substitution. Likewise,

y z + z 1 = ( y 1 ) ( z 1 ) yz +z - 1 = (y - 1)(z - 1)

and

z x + y 1 = ( z 1 ) ( x 1 ) zx + y - 1 = (z - 1)(x - 1) .

Hence,

S = 1 ( x 1 ) ( y 1 ) + 1 ( y 1 ) ( z 1 ) + 1 ( z 1 ) ( x 1 ) S = |\frac {1}{(x - 1)(y - 1)} + \frac {1}{(y - 1)(z - 1)} + \frac {1}{(z - 1)(x - 1)}|

S = x + y + z 3 ( x 1 ) ( y 1 ) ( z 1 ) = 1 ( x 1 ) ( y 1 ) ( z 1 ) S = |\frac {x + y + z - 3}{(x - 1)(y - 1)(z - 1)} = \frac {-1}{(x - 1)(y - 1)(z - 1)}|

S = 1 x y z ( x y + y z + z x ) + x + y + z 1 S = |\frac {-1}{xyz - (xy + yz + zx) + x + y + z - 1}|

S = 1 5 ( x y + y z + z x ) S = |\frac {-1}{5 - (xy + yz + zx)}|

But, 2 ( x y + y z + z x ) = ( x + y + z ) 2 ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) = 1 2(xy + yz + zx) = (x + y + z)^2 - (x^2 + y^2 + z^2) = 1 . This means x y + y z + z x = 1 2 xy + yz + zx = \frac {1}{2} . I we input this value into the equation, we get an answer of

S = 1 5 1 2 = 2 9 = 0.222... S = |\frac {-1}{5 - \frac {1}{2}}| = |\frac {-2}{9}| = 0.222...

Are you kidding me! I just spent half an hour finding each variable! It turns out there are six of them! I checked each one by plugging it into the expression, and do you know what I got! I got 0.09859709458272745784920173027593720179274936759355337365. I even checked that answer twice! I have the feeling that there are more than just this solution, after all, they are complex variables.

Finn Hulse - 7 years, 2 months ago

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If something takes you a half hour to solve for the variables, chances are that there's a quick way to do it.

Trevor B. - 7 years, 2 months ago

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Yeah... it's just that it takes forever because all of them are weird decimals and I was going for an EXACT answer... :(

Finn Hulse - 7 years, 2 months ago

By Vieta's, the set { x , y , z } \{ x, y, z \} are roots to the equation A 3 2 A 2 + A 2 4 = 0 A^3 - 2A^2 + \frac{A}{2} - 4 = 0 .

The solution is unique, and you will get 6 solutions up to permutation (assuming 3 distinct roots of the cubic).

Calvin Lin Staff - 7 years, 2 months ago

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Oh, that's why.

Finn Hulse - 7 years, 2 months ago

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@Finn Hulse No, that's not a reason to find something different.

Calvin Lin has already written the equation, so the approximate solutions are x 2.4584 x\approx2.4584 , y 0.2292 + 1.2548 i y\approx-0.2292+1.2548i and z 0.2292 1.2548 i z\approx-0.2292-1.2548i . So:

1 x y + z 1 0.2732 0.2788 i \frac1{xy+z-1}\approx-0.2732-0.2788i

1 y z + x 1 0.3241 \frac1{yz+x-1}\approx0.3241

1 z x + y 1 0.2732 + 0.2788 i \frac1{zx+y-1}\approx-0.2732+0.2788i

1 x y + z 1 + 1 y z + x 1 + 1 z x + y 1 0.2222 \frac1{xy+z-1}+\frac1{yz+x-1}+\frac1{zx+y-1}\approx-0.2222

1 x y + z 1 + 1 y z + x 1 + 1 z x + y 1 0.2222 \left|\frac1{xy+z-1}+\frac1{yz+x-1}+\frac1{zx+y-1}\right|\approx0.2222

Because the expression is symmetric, every other combination of the roots gives exactly the same fractions and the same result :)

Babis Athineos - 7 years, 1 month ago

you are wrong

Anuj Shikarkhane - 7 years ago

you just trolled yourself :P

Prashant Upadhyay - 7 years, 1 month ago

Nice explanation, I found each variable but still got it.

Mardokay Mosazghi - 7 years, 1 month ago

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Can you explain how?

Niranjan Khanderia - 7 years, 1 month ago

I expanded the expression and started substituting for x + y + z , x y z x+y+z, xyz , etc... Took me 40 minutes, but got the same result!

Guilherme Dela Corte - 7 years, 2 months ago

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Can you explain how?

Niranjan Khanderia - 7 years, 1 month ago

Brillianťé.AbsolutelyBrillianťé

Adarsh Kumar - 7 years, 1 month ago

Sharky Kesa, you are a genius................................

Rhishikesh Dongre - 7 years, 1 month ago

Nice One

ManIbharathi Dragon - 7 years, 1 month ago

Thanks. Very good solution.

Niranjan Khanderia - 7 years, 1 month ago

I got the answer 0.9 .

vipul soni - 7 years, 1 month ago

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