Split polygons into two halves

Geometry Level 4

Find the point ( x , y ) (x,y) that cuts the given polygon into two halves with equal area.

If x = a c x = \frac{a}{c} and y = b c y = \frac{b}{c} , where a , b , c a,b,c are all positive integers with ( a , c ) (a,c) and ( b , c ) (b,c) coprime pairs, enter your answer as a + b + c a+b+c .


The answer is 255.

This section requires Javascript.
You are seeing this because something didn't load right. We suggest you, (a) try refreshing the page, (b) enabling javascript if it is disabled on your browser and, finally, (c) loading the non-javascript version of this page . We're sorry about the hassle.

3 solutions

Ossama Ismail
Jan 1, 2017

Answer = 255

x = 243 11 x = \frac{243}{11} and y = 1 11 y = \frac{1}{11} ,

The polygon is divided into 5 triangles, each triangle's area can be calculated by using its 3 vertices by using Shoelace formula

  • Area of (0,0) , (2,5) , (12,7) = |2x7 -12x5|/2 = 23 \color{#D61F06} 23

  • Area of (0,0) , (12,7) , (18,6) = |12x6 -18x7|/2 = 27 \color{#D61F06} 27

  • Area of (0,0) , (18,6) , (24,2) = |18x2 -24x6|/2 = 54 \color{#D61F06} 54

  • Area of (0,0) , (24,2) , (16,-6) = |-24x6 - 16x2|/2 = 88 \color{#D61F06} 88

  • Area of (0,0) , (16,-6) , (2,-8) = |-16x8 + 2x6|/2 = 58 \color{#D61F06} 58

  • Total Area = 23 + 27 +54 +88 + 58 = 250

Half of the area = 125

The traingle of area 88 must be divided into two triangles with areas 21 \color{#20A900} 21 and 67 \color{#20A900} 67

The first half = 23 + 27 + 54 + 21 = 125

The second half = 58 + 67 = 125

Area of (0,0) , (24,2) , (x,y) = | 24 y – 2 x |/2 = 21 -> gives 12 y x = 21 ( 1 ) 12 y - x = -21 \ (1)

Equation of the line that connects (16,-6) and (24,2) -> y + x = 22 ( 2 ) -y + x = 22 \ (2)

Solve (1) and (2)

11 y = 1 then y = 1 11 y = \frac{1}{11} and

X = 22 + 1/11 then x = 243 11 x = \frac{243}{11}

Pi Han Goh
Jan 4, 2017

Disclaimer: This solution is wrong because I've hastily made the assumption that the image is accurate.


We that the area of a simple polygon with coordinates ( x 1 , y 1 ) , ( x 2 , y 2 ) , ( x n , y n ) (x_1, y_1), (x_2, y_2) , \ldots (x_n, y_ n) arranged counterclockwise, then the area of this polygon can be computed using the generalized version of the Shoelace formula :

A = 1 2 [ x 1 x 2 x n x 1 y 1 y 2 y n y 1 ] . A = \dfrac 12 \begin{bmatrix}{x_1} && {x_2} && {\dots} && {x_n} && {x_1} \\ {y_1} && {y_2} && {\dots} && {y_n} && {y_1}\end{bmatrix} .

In this case, we have the two equal areas,

1 2 [ 0 x 24 18 12 2 0 0 y 2 6 7 5 0 ] = 1 2 [ 0 2 16 x 0 0 8 6 y 0 ] . \dfrac12 \begin{bmatrix}{0} && {x} && {24} && {18} && {12} && {2} && {0} \\ {0} && {y} && {2} && {6} && {7} && {5} && {0}\end{bmatrix} = \dfrac12 \begin{bmatrix}{0} && {2} && {16} && {x} && {0} \\ {0} && {-8} && {-6} && {y} && {0}\end{bmatrix} .

Or equivalently,

[ 0 ( y ) + x ( 2 ) + 24 ( 6 ) + 18 ( 7 ) + 12 ( 5 ) + 2 ( 0 ) ] [ 0 ( x ) + y ( 24 ) + 2 ( 18 ) + 6 ( 12 ) + 7 ( 2 ) + 5 ( 0 ) ] = [ 0 ( 8 ) + 2 ( 6 ) + 16 ( y ) + x ( 0 ) ] [ 0 ( 2 ) + ( 8 ) ( 16 ) + ( 6 ) ( x ) + y ( 0 ) ] . [ 0(y) + x(2) + 24(6) + 18(7) + 12(5) + 2(0) ] - [0(x) + y(24) + 2(18) + 6(12) + 7(2) + 5(0)] \\ = \\ [ 0(-8) + 2(-6) + 16(y) + x(0) ] - [ 0 (2) + (-8)(16) + (-6)(x) + y(0) ].

Simplifying this equation gives 10 y = 23 x {\color{#3D99F6}{ 10y =23 - x}} .

Now we just need to find the equation of the straight line that passes through the points ( 16 , 6 ) (16,-6) and ( 24 , 2 ) (24,2) , which is

y ( 6 ) x 16 = 6 2 16 24 y + 6 x 16 = 1 y = x 22 . \dfrac{y - (-6)}{x - 16} = \dfrac{-6-2}{16-24} \quad \Leftrightarrow \quad \dfrac{y+6}{x-16} = 1 \quad \Leftrightarrow \quad {\color{#3D99F6}{y = x-22}} .

Solving these two equations (highlighted in blue) simultaneously gives x = 243 11 , y = 1 11 x =\dfrac{243}{11}, y = \dfrac1{11} .

For completeness, we need to show that this intersection point indeed cuts through the straight line that passes through the two points ( 24 , 2 ) (24,2) and ( 16 , 6 ) (16,-6) .

Let us denote the points O = ( 0 , 0 ) , A = ( 2 , 5 ) , B = ( 12 , 7 ) , C = ( 18 , 6 ) , D = ( 24 , 2 ) , E = ( x , y ) = ( 243 11 , 1 11 ) , F = ( 16 , 6 ) , G = ( 2 , 8 ) O = (0,0), A = (2,5) , B= (12,7) , C = (18,6) , D = (24,2) , E = (x,y) = \left( \dfrac{243}{11} ,\dfrac1{11} \right) , F = (16,-6), G = (2,-8) .

By denoting the symbol m P Q m_{PQ} as the gradient of straight line that passes through points P P and Q Q , it's trivial to show that

m O A > m O B > m O C > m O D > m O E > m O F > m O G , m_{OA} > m_{OB} > m_{OC} > m_{OD} > m_{OE} > m_{OF} > m_{OG} ,

hence the intersection point E E only cuts through the side D F DF of this simple polygon.

And our answer is 243 + 1 + 11 = 255 243 + 1 + 11 =\boxed{255} .

I like that this approach gives us the area directly, instead of having to find the sum of individual areas.

For completeness, note that you made the assumption that the line must cut the polygon again between ( 16 , 6 ) (16, -6) and ( 24 , 2 ) (24, 2 ) , in order to set up the first equation. Can you add a line to explain why that is true?

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 5 months ago

Log in to reply

Ah that's true! Fixed! ;) ;)

Pi Han Goh - 4 years, 5 months ago

Log in to reply

You misinterpreted my statement.

When you set up the equation (after the shoelace formula), that area calculation is only valid if x , y x, y lies along the line segment ( 16 , 6 ) ( 24 , 2 ) (16, -6) - (24, 2) , which is the assumption that you're making. How do we know that the point doesn't lie on (say) ( 24 , 2 ) ( 18 , 6 ) (24, 2) - (18, 6) ?

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 5 months ago

Log in to reply

@Calvin Lin Oh. My bad.

Pi Han Goh - 4 years, 5 months ago
Ahmad Saad
Feb 1, 2017

0 pending reports

×

Problem Loading...

Note Loading...

Set Loading...