Coprime Solutions to Divisibility Relation

Let m m and n n be coprime positive integers such that m n m\geq n . Determine the number of ordered pairs of ( m , n ) (m,n) such that m 3 + n 3 m 2 + n 2 + m + n \dfrac{m^3 + n^3}{m^2+ n^2 + m+n} is an integer.


The answer is 1.

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1 solution

Will Fisher
Jul 14, 2017

There is one solution, namely ( m , n ) = ( 3 , 1 ) (m,n)=(3,1) . Let ( x , y ) = gcd ( x , y ) (x,y)=\gcd(x,y) for simplicity. To show this assume ( m , n ) = 1 (m,n)=1 and the condition holds. We have that m 3 + n 3 ( m + n ) ( m 2 + n 2 m n ) ( m + n ) ( m + n + n m ) m o d m 2 + n 2 + m + n m^3+n^3\equiv (m+n)(m^2+n^2-mn)\equiv -(m+n)(m+n+nm)\mod m^2+n^2+m+n So the criteria is equivalent to ( m + n ) ( m + n + n m ) m 2 + n 2 + m + n Z ( 1 ) \frac{(m+n)(m+n+nm)}{m^2+n^2+m+n}\in\mathbb{Z}\qquad (1) From here we have ( m 2 + n 2 + m + n , m + n ) = ( ( m + n ) 2 2 m n , m + n ) = ( m + n , 2 m n ) (m^2+n^2+m+n, m+n)=((m+n)^2-2mn,m+n)=(m+n, 2mn) Going further using ( m , n ) = 1 (m,n)=1 we have that ( m + n , 2 m n ) = ( m + n , 2 ) (m+n, 2mn)=(m+n,2) . So ( 1 ) (1) holds iff ( m + n , 2 ) ( m + n + m n ) m 2 + n 2 + m + n Z \frac{(m+n,2)\cdot (m+n+mn)}{m^2+n^2+m+n}\in\mathbb{Z} Thus m 2 + n 2 + m + n ( m + n , 2 ) ( m + n + m n ) m^2+n^2+m+n\le (m+n,2)\cdot (m+n+mn) . If ( m + n , 2 ) = 1 (m+n,2)=1 , the inequality doesn't hold. Thus ( m + n , 2 ) = 2 (m+n,2)=2 and m 2 + n 2 + m + n 2 ( m + n + n m ) m^2+n^2+m+n\mid 2(m+n+nm) Suppose m 2 + n 2 + m + n 2 ( m + n + n m ) m^2+n^2+m+n\neq 2(m+n+nm) , then m 2 + n 2 + m + n 2 ( m + n + n m ) / p m^2+n^2+m+n\mid 2(m+n+nm)/p for some prime p p . But this would imply m 2 + n 2 + m + n 2 ( m + n + n m ) / p m + n + n m m^2+n^2+m+n\le 2(m+n+nm)/p \le m+n+nm which is false. Hence m 2 + n 2 + m + n = 2 ( m + n + n m ) m^2+n^2+m+n= 2(m+n+nm) and ( m n ) 2 = m + n (m-n)^2=m+n . This gives m n n + m m-n\mid n+m , so, also using m n m\ge n , m n = ( m n , n + m ) = ( m + n , 2 m ) = ( m + n , 2 ) = 2 m-n=(m-n, n+m)=(m+n,2m)=(m+n,2)=2 where the third equality comes from the Euclidean Algorithm, with the rest coming from ( m , n ) = 1 (m,n)=1 and the previous deduction about ( m + n , 2 ) = 2 (m+n,2)=2 . Finally we have m = n + 2 m=n+2 , which plugging into ( m n ) 2 = n + m (m-n)^2=n+m gives ( m , n ) = ( 3 , 1 ) (m,n)=(3,1) , which we verify to satisfy the original criterion.

Beautiful problem and solution. However, the main problem remains open.

Have you noticed that I'm Ghartal? :))

Kazem Sepehrinia - 3 years, 11 months ago

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Really? What a coincidence, hah. Probably noticed I almost directly copied what I added to the MSE post. Thanks for the fun problem :)

Will Fisher - 3 years, 11 months ago

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No problem. Yeah I'm him :)) Ah, I see your edit to MSE post now. Thanks.

Kazem Sepehrinia - 3 years, 11 months ago

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@Kazem Sepehrinia What what? Tell me what MSE post are you referencing, please! I'm so eager to know.

Pi Han Goh - 3 years, 11 months ago

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@Pi Han Goh Hey Pi Han. This is it.

Kazem Sepehrinia - 3 years, 11 months ago

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@Kazem Sepehrinia Yay! \quad Ghartal is the best

Pi Han Goh - 3 years, 11 months ago

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@Pi Han Goh Haha.. :) Pi Han What's your name on MSE?

Kazem Sepehrinia - 3 years, 11 months ago

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@Kazem Sepehrinia I rarely use MSE, but here's mine .

Pi Han Goh - 3 years, 11 months ago

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