Cover a rectangle

Geometry Level 5

Any non-square rectangle can be covered by two similar, but slightly smaller rectangles.

In the picture, rectangle W X Y Z WXYZ which has aspect ratio X Y W X \frac{XY}{WX} is covered by two slightly smaller rectangles. These two smaller rectangles are the same size, A B W X = k < 1 \frac{AB}{WX}=k<1 and k k is as small as possible.

For what aspect ratio is k k only one one-millionth less than 1?


The answer is 18.8296.

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1 solution

Jeremy Galvagni
Oct 27, 2018

Let Z Y = 1 ZY=1 so the aspect ratio is W Z = a WZ=a . Call A B = k AB=k so A C = a k AC=ak and call B Y = y BY=y so B X = a y BX=a-y .

By similar triangles Y C = k y YC=\frac{k}{y} and D Z = k y ( a y ) = a k y k DZ=\frac{k}{y}(a-y)=\frac{ak}{y}-k . Subtracting gives C Z = 2 k a k y CZ=2k-\frac{ak}{y}

Similar triangles again gives A Y = 2 k y a k = k ( 2 y a ) AY=2ky-ak=k(2y-a) .

Since A Y + Y C = A C AY+YC=AC we have 2 k y a k + k y = a k 2ky-ak+\frac{k}{y}=ak or, since k 0 k \ne 0 simplify to 2 y 2 2 a y + 1 = 0 2y^{2}-2ay+1=0

The positive solution to this quadratic is y = a + a 2 2 2 y=\frac{a+\sqrt{a^2-2}}{2} . This means A Y AY can be written as k a 2 2 k\sqrt{a^{2}-2} .

Now the Pythagorean theorem on B A Y \triangle BAY gives k 2 + [ k a 2 2 ] 2 = y 2 k^{2}+[k\sqrt{a^{2}-2}]^{2}=y^{2} .

Solve to get k = y a 2 1 k=\frac{y}{\sqrt{a^{2}-1}}

A final substitution of k k for y y gives a formula for k k in terms of the aspect ratio:

k = a + a 2 2 2 a 2 1 k=\frac{a+\sqrt{a^{2}-2}}{2\sqrt{a^{2}-1}}

I decided to let Wolfram|Alpha solve for k = 1 1 1000000 k=1-\frac{1}{1000000} and it gave me an interesting exact form which is approimately a = 18.8296 a=\boxed{18.8296}

Okay, 18.8296 checks out

Michael Mendrin - 2 years, 7 months ago

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I don't think so. I double checked, but I'll try drawing it now just to be sure.

Edit: I can't quite draw it with a=18.8296, k=.999999 because sketchpad doesn't go to that many digits of accuracy. But a=9.4148 gives k=.99998

Jeremy Galvagni - 2 years, 7 months ago

I got the same answer as Jeremy. I used a similar method (except using trigonometric ratios instead of similar triangles) and came up with the same k equation, and used a TI-84 graphing calculator to find the intersection of y = k and y = 0.999999 which also gave me 18.8296.

David Vreken - 2 years, 7 months ago

I don't understand this part "Call A B = k AB = k so A C = a k AC = ak ." In the problem, you define k = A B W X k = \frac{AB}{WX} , so after you set Z Y = 1 ZY = 1 , W X = 1 WX = 1 , and A B = k AB = k anyway. And why is A C AC equal to a k ak ?

Jon Haussmann - 2 years, 7 months ago

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k is the scale factor from the green to the yellow rectangle. a is the aspect ratio comparing sides of any of the rectangles.

AB/WX=k, AC/AB=a, so multiply to get AC/WX=ak. Since WX=1, AC=ak

Jeremy Galvagni - 2 years, 7 months ago

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Are you saying that the green rectangle and yellow rectangle are similar, i.e. they have the same aspect ratio? It does not say that in the problem.

Jon Haussmann - 2 years, 7 months ago

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@Jon Haussmann Does the first sentence not make it clear?

Jeremy Galvagni - 2 years, 7 months ago

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