Loog at this Familiar Recursive!

Consider the sequence a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a_1, a_2, a_3, \ldots where

a 1 = 1 , a 2 = 3 , a n = a n 1 a n 2 a_1= 1, a_2 = 3, a_n = a_{n - 1} a_{n - 2}

for n 3 n \geq 3 . Calculate the remainder when a 514 a_{514} is divided by 11 11 .


The answer is 5.

This section requires Javascript.
You are seeing this because something didn't load right. We suggest you, (a) try refreshing the page, (b) enabling javascript if it is disabled on your browser and, finally, (c) loading the non-javascript version of this page . We're sorry about the hassle.

3 solutions

Aditya Raut
Aug 1, 2014

a 1 = 3 0 , a 2 = 3 1 , a n = a n 1 a n 2 a_1= 3^0, a_2=3^1, a_n=a_{n-1} a_{n-2}


Thus if we define b n = log 3 ( a n ) b_n = \log_3 (a_n) then we get a recurrence

b n = b n 1 + b n 2 b_n = b_{n-1}+b_{n-2} with start conditions b 1 = 0 b_1=0 , b 2 = 1 b_2=1

Thus we get b n = F n 1 b_n = F_{n-1} where F n F_n is n t h n^{th} term of the fibonacci sequence.


Hence b 514 = F 513 8 ( m o d 10 ) b_{514} = F_{513} \equiv 8 \pmod{10} (we count this in ( m o d 10 ) \pmod{10} to apply Fermat's little theorem later.


a n = 3 b n a_n = 3^{b_n} as defined,

a 514 = 3 F 513 3 10 k + 8 ( m o d 11 ) a_{514} = 3^{F_{513}} \equiv 3^{10k+8} \pmod{11} (Because of the fact seen above, F 513 8 ( m o d 10 ) F_{513} \equiv 8 \pmod{10}


And now by Fermat's little theorem,

a 514 = 3 F 513 3 8 5 ( m o d 11 ) a_{514}= 3^{F_{513}} \equiv 3^8 \equiv 5 \pmod{11}

Hence answer is 5 \boxed{5}

Nice approach bro!!!

Hey, I'm from Akola too, wanna catch up sometime.

VAIBHAV borale - 6 years, 10 months ago

How did you find F 513 8 ( m o d 10 ) F_{513} \equiv 8 \pmod{10} ?

Nicolas Bryenton - 6 years, 10 months ago

Log in to reply

Because we have the generalization of any recurrence relation, but in this case, it's easier to use "Wolfram" ... :P

Aditya Raut - 6 years, 10 months ago

Log in to reply

last digit sequence repeats after every 60 terms... I hope this can be helpful!!

Kartik Sharma - 6 years, 10 months ago

Log in to reply

@Kartik Sharma You calculated this and found out...right????

Jayakumar Krishnan - 6 years, 10 months ago

Log in to reply

@Jayakumar Krishnan Yeah!! But still I then re-checked it with the help of some python software!!!

Kartik Sharma - 6 years, 10 months ago

Log in to reply

@Kartik Sharma Oh...you know to code this in Python??????????/

Jayakumar Krishnan - 6 years, 10 months ago

Why do u use Wolfram every time like mads.sam

Akhilesh Bais - 6 years, 10 months ago

Log in to reply

@Akhilesh Bais 100% guarantee this is @Dinesh Chavan using another account. @Calvin Lin sir, please check the location from where the account 'Akhilesh Bais' was used, surely it is same as 'Dinesh Chavan's . This account has been made just for commenting spam on my solutions and posts, and the user always tries to comment something I don't like. Please block the account from commenting things on my posts, this was seen commenting such thing also on one of my posts "just a little help, if you can do". Also, they said to me they will comment things on all my problems' discussions and notes. And i can't report each and every of them. If you see activity of this account, it just upvotes Dinesh Chavan's solutions and comments things on my posts. Please block it.

Aditya Raut - 6 years, 10 months ago

I checked it using only javascript code. I used the typical fibonacci list generator code and instead adding terms directly I imported LongNumber library to optimize the operations (LongNumber library does not manipulate numbers as Number but as String). So I got 3^72639767602615659833415769076743441675530755653534 07065318454654006347057680635769295302786147773672 6533858 and by applying FLT since 11 is prime, I got the answer. This kind of problem can be approach using Math only, Computer only or Both. :)

Mharfe Micaroz - 6 years, 7 months ago

Is there any method without logarithms?

Omkar Kulkarni - 6 years, 5 months ago
Vivek Chandru
Nov 5, 2014

The given series can be written as 3^0, 3^1, 3^1, 3^2, 3^3, 3^5...=> 3 to the power of fibonacci series from second term. 3^5 leaves remainder of 1 when divided by 11. Every fifth Fibonacci number is the multiple of five. 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 and so on. First term, sixth term, eleventh term etc. of the given series leaves the remainder of 1... Divide the Fibonacci series by 5 and write remainder alone. 1 1 2 3 0 3 3 1 4 0 4 4 3 2 0 2 2 4 1 0 1 1 2 3 0 . This remainder series start recuring from 20th term. Hence 513/20 leaves 13 as remainder. The thirteenth term in that remainder series (which is obtained by dividing Fibonacci series by 5) is 3. Hence 3^3/11 => 27/11 leaves 5 as remainder .

Ankit Kumar Jain
Feb 4, 2017

I simply wrote down the recursion .I was lucky enough to find a repitition of the residues mod 11 after 20 terms.

0 pending reports

×

Problem Loading...

Note Loading...

Set Loading...