Evaluate . If the answer can be expressed as , where is a positive integer and and are positive primes, write your answer as .
Challenge : Solve the problem by hand.
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I = ∫ 0 1 x sin − 1 x d x = ∫ 0 2 π θ cot θ d θ = θ ln ( sin θ ) ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ 0 2 π − ∫ 0 2 π ln ( sin θ ) d θ = ∫ 2 π 0 ln ( sin θ ) d θ = 2 1 ∫ 2 π 0 ( ln ( sin θ ) + ln ( cos θ ) ) d θ = 2 1 ∫ 2 π 0 ln ( sin θ cos θ ) d θ = 2 1 ∫ 2 π 0 ln ( 2 sin 2 θ ) d θ = 2 1 ∫ 2 π 0 ( ln ( sin 2 θ ) − ln 2 ) d θ = 4 1 ∫ π 0 ln ( sin ϕ ) d ϕ + 2 1 ∫ 0 2 π ln 2 d θ = 4 1 ( 2 I ) + 4 π ln 2 = 2 π ln 2 Let sin θ = x , cos θ d θ = d x By integration by parts By ∫ a b f ( x ) d x = ∫ a b f ( a + b − x ) d x Let ϕ = 2 θ , d ϕ = 2 d θ Note that ln ( sin x ) is symmetrical at 2 π
⟹ a + b + c = 1 + 2 + 2 = 5