Trigonometry and Calculus!

Calculus Level 5

F ( x ) = sin x cos x 19 sin 2 x + 10 cos 2 x + 6 \large F(x)=\dfrac{\sin x\cos x}{\sqrt{19\sin^2 x+10\cos^2 x+6}}

Let 0 < α < π 2 0< \alpha < \dfrac \pi 2 such that max ( F ( x ) ) = F ( α ) = ϕ \max(F(x)) = F(\alpha) = \phi .

Given that the value of H = π ( 9 ϕ 1 ) α F ( x ) d x \displaystyle \large \mathcal H = \int_{\pi (9\phi - 1)}^\alpha F(x) \, dx is equal to A B ( C D ) \dfrac AB(\sqrt C - D) , where A , B , C A,B,C and D D are positive integers with A , B A,B coprime and C C square-free.

Find A + B + C + D A+B+C+D .


Inspired by a problem that was written by Shivam Jadhav.


The answer is 18.

This section requires Javascript.
You are seeing this because something didn't load right. We suggest you, (a) try refreshing the page, (b) enabling javascript if it is disabled on your browser and, finally, (c) loading the non-javascript version of this page . We're sorry about the hassle.

1 solution

Rishabh Jain
Jul 11, 2016

In denominator of F ( x ) F(x) use cos 2 x = 1 sin 2 x \small{\color{teal}{\cos^2 x=1-\sin^2 x}} and than take sin x cos x \sin x\cos x in the denominator so that:

F ( x ) = 1 9 sin 2 x + 16 sin 2 x cos 2 x = 1 9 sec 2 x + 16 sec 2 x csc 2 x F(x)=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{9\sin^2 x+16}{\sin^2x\cos^2 x}}}=\dfrac 1{\sqrt{9\sec^2 x+16\sec^2 x\csc^2 x}}

Then use sec 2 x = 1 + tan 2 x \small{\color{teal}{\sec^2 x=1+\tan^2x}} and csc 2 x = 1 + cot 2 x \small{\color{teal}{\csc^2 x=1+\cot^2x}} so that:

F ( x ) = 1 41 + 25 tan 2 x + 16 cot 2 x F(x)=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{41+25\tan^2 x+16\cot^2 x}}

Note by A M G M AM\ge GM , 25 tan 2 x + 16 cot 2 x 2 25 16 tan 2 x cot 2 x 1 = 40 \small{25\tan^2 x+16\cot^2 x\ge 2\sqrt{25\cdot 16\cdot\underbrace{ \tan^2x \cdot\cot^2x}_1}=40} So denominator is minimum (and hence F ( x ) F(x) is maximum) when 25 tan 2 x = 16 cot 2 x \small{25\tan^2 x=16\cot^2 x} or tan 4 x = 16 25 or x = tan 1 ( 2 5 ) = sin 1 ( 2 3 ) \small{\tan^4 x=\frac{16}{25}\text{ or }x=\tan^{-1}\left(\frac 2{\sqrt 5}\right)=\sin^{-1}\left(\frac 2{ 3}\right)} ,

( F ( x ) ) max = 1 41 + 40 = 1 9 at x = sin 1 ( 2 3 ) \left(F(x)\right)_{\text{max}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{41+40}}=\dfrac 19~\text{at}~x=\sin^{-1}\left(\frac 2{ 3}\right) .Now

H = 0 sin 1 ( 2 3 ) sin x cos x 9 sin 2 x + 16 d x \mathcal H=\displaystyle\int_{0}^{\sin^{-1}\left(\frac 2{ 3}\right)}\dfrac{\sin x\cos x}{\sqrt{9\sin^2 x+16}}\mathrm{d}x

Substitute 9 sin 2 x + 16 = u 9\sin^2 x+16=u such that 18 sin x cos x d x = d u 18\sin x\cos x \mathrm{d}x=\mathrm{d}u so that:

H = 1 18 16 20 d u u \mathcal H=\dfrac 1{18}\displaystyle\int_{16}^{20 }\dfrac{\mathrm{d}u}{\sqrt{u}}

= 1 18 [ 2 u ] 16 20 =\dfrac{1}{18}\left[2\sqrt u\right]_{16}^{20}

= 2 9 ( 5 2 ) \Large =\dfrac{2}9\left(\sqrt 5-2\right)

Hence, 2 + 9 + 5 + 2 = 18 \Large 2+9+5+2=\boxed{18} .

I Dont know how you put such values that numerical calculations are so less!!

Prakhar Bindal - 4 years, 11 months ago

Log in to reply

Lol.... Beauty and depth of maths.. It always amaze us when it unfolds... :-p

Rishabh Jain - 4 years, 11 months ago

Log in to reply

Yeah buddy!

Prakhar Bindal - 4 years, 11 months ago

I used calculus, but I still don't understand why it didn't work. When I set the derivative to zero and solved, I got α = 1 2 arccos ( 9 41 ) \alpha=\frac{1}{2}\arccos(\frac{9}{41}) and ϕ = 2 41 \phi = \sqrt{\frac{2}{41}} . Very nice problem and solution by the way!

James Wilson - 3 years, 8 months ago

Log in to reply

Thanks .. maybe you commited some calculation mistake. You can always take help from mathematical engine for rechecking your answer.

Rishabh Jain - 3 years, 7 months ago

More or less same solution except that I differentiated instead of AM-GM. One more thing, remove the 'dx ' in F(x).

Vignesh S - 4 years, 11 months ago

Log in to reply

dx....... Where?

Rishabh Jain - 4 years, 11 months ago

Log in to reply

It was there while I was solving..

Vignesh S - 4 years, 11 months ago

Log in to reply

@Vignesh S In question or solution ?

Rishabh Jain - 4 years, 11 months ago

Log in to reply

@Rishabh Jain In the question

Vignesh S - 4 years, 11 months ago

@Vignesh S Sorry if it was in the question... Now its edited neatly by a mod might be @Pi Han Goh coz he is in the recent solvers.

Rishabh Jain - 4 years, 11 months ago

By the way, where are you joining and which course?

Vignesh S - 4 years, 11 months ago

Log in to reply

Most probably BITS pilani .... might be phy dual .. What about you?

Rishabh Jain - 4 years, 11 months ago

Log in to reply

IIT MADRAS electrical engineering dual degree..

Vignesh S - 4 years, 11 months ago

Log in to reply

@Vignesh S Oh.... Great :-)

Rishabh Jain - 4 years, 11 months ago

Log in to reply

@Rishabh Jain Congrats to you as well

Vignesh S - 4 years, 11 months ago

Log in to reply

@Vignesh S Thanks.... Oh at first I confused you with @Vighnesh Shenoy .... Now its clear :-)

Rishabh Jain - 4 years, 11 months ago

Which campus?

A Former Brilliant Member - 4 years, 10 months ago

Log in to reply

@A Former Brilliant Member Pilani campus

Rishabh Jain - 4 years, 10 months ago

Log in to reply

@Rishabh Jain I am doing M.Sc Physics dual at Hyderabad campus.

A Former Brilliant Member - 4 years, 10 months ago

Log in to reply

@A Former Brilliant Member That's great... I got MSc Phy in the 4th iteration itself.. :-)

Rishabh Jain - 4 years, 10 months ago

Log in to reply

@Rishabh Jain Same. My BITSAT score was shit ( 305 ). But, well, the M.Sc. gives me a year more to think about my interests. Whether I wanna go towards the research side ( Pure Msc ) or applied as well ( Dual )

A Former Brilliant Member - 4 years, 10 months ago

Log in to reply

@A Former Brilliant Member Exactly.... :-)

Rishabh Jain - 4 years, 10 months ago

0 pending reports

×

Problem Loading...

Note Loading...

Set Loading...