Divisible by this year??? (Part 4: INSANITY!!!!!!!!)

n ! n! or n n -factorial is the product of all integers from 1 1 up to n n ( n ! = 1 × 2 × 3 × . . . × n ) (n! = 1 \times 2 \times 3 \times ... \times n) . Let's denote n ! ! n!! be the product of all factorials from 1 ! 1! up to n ! n! ( n ! ! = 1 ! × 2 ! × 3 ! × . . . × n ! ) (n!! = 1! \times 2! \times 3! \times ... \times n!) . Let's also denote n ! ! ! n!!! be the product of all double factorials from 1 ! ! 1!! up to n ! ! n!! ( n ! ! ! = 1 ! ! × 2 ! ! × 3 ! ! × . . . × n ! ! ) (n!!! = 1!! \times 2!! \times 3!! \times ... \times n!!) . Find the maximum integral value of k k such that 201 4 k 2014^k divides 2014 ! ! ! 2014!!!

You may also try these problems:

Divisible by this year???

Divisible by this year??? (Part 2: Factorials)

Divisible by this year??? (Part 3: What if I did this?)

This problem is part of the set " Symphony "


The answer is 24740014.

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1 solution

Jake Lai
Dec 14, 2014

In this question, we only need to consider the prime factors of 2014: 2, 19, and 53.

Since 2, 19, and 53 are pairwise coprime , we will not overcount and thus we can further simplify the question by looking at the maximal k k for which 5 3 k 2014 ! ! ! 53^k | 2014!!! .

Notice that 2014 ! ! ! = 1 2014 ( 2015 ) / 2 × 2 2013 ( 2014 ) / 2 × × 2014 2014!!! = 1^{2014(2015)/2} \times 2^{2013(2014)/2} \times \ldots \times 2014 since k = 1 n k = n ( n + 1 ) 2 \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{n} k = \frac{n(n+1)}{2} .

We begin by checking all factors of 2014 ! ! ! 2014!!! of the form ( 53 n ) ( 2015 53 n ) ( 2016 53 n ) / 2 (53n)^{(2015-53n)(2016-53n)/2} ; they have 5 3 ( 2015 53 n ) ( 2016 53 n ) / 2 53^{(2015-53n)(2016-53n)/2} as a factor, and there are 38 such integers; hence, a lower bound for k = n = 1 38 ( 2015 53 n ) ( 2016 53 n ) 2 = 24740014 k = \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{38} \frac{(2015-53n)(2016-53n)}{2} = 24740014

Then, we check all factors of the form ( 5 3 2 n ) ( 2015 5 3 2 n ) ( 2016 5 3 2 n ) / 2 (53^{2}n)^{(2015-53^{2}n)(2016-53^{2}n)/2} ; however, because 5 3 2 > 2014 53^{2} > 2014 , there are no more factors to check and hence our answer is k = 24740014 k = \boxed{24740014} .

It seems like I shout more and more in these solutions.

Note: The term ( 2015 53 n ) ( 2016 53 n ) 2 \frac{(2015-53n)(2016-53n)}{2} can be expanded into a quadratic polynomial a n 2 + b n + c an^{2}+bn+c . The sum can then be evaluated for terms a n 2 an^{2} , b n bn and c c seperately.

Jake Lai - 6 years, 6 months ago

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Nice!!! Same solution! I'm just lazy to post it here XD but good!! :)

Rindell Mabunga - 6 years, 6 months ago

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Will it be OK for me to post a problem for 2014 ! ! ! ! 2014!!!! ?

Jake Lai - 6 years, 6 months ago

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@Jake Lai Hahahaha wait

Rindell Mabunga - 6 years, 6 months ago

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