⎩ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎧ a 3 = a + 1 b 3 = b + 1 c 3 = c + 1
If a , b and c are distinct numbers satisfying the system of equations above, find a 3 + b 3 + c 3 .
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Note: In the question, you will need that a , b , c are distinct values.
Do you see why?
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Oh yeah, I do :D
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Great. I see that the question is edited. Can you update the solution to indicate where this is necessary / used?
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@Calvin Lin – Sure, I will
@Calvin Lin – Does that meet your requirements? I don't think so.
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@Arkajyoti Banerjee – That's better.
A clearer way to phrase it is: a , b , c are 3 distinct roots of the polynomial x 3 − x − 1 = 0 . Since this polynomial has 3 distinct roots, they must be { a , b , c } .
By adding the equations together you get a^3 + b^3 + c^3 = a + b + c +3
We see (as others have stated in better formats), that a, b and c are the distinct roots of x^3 - 0x^x - x -1 = 0.
By Vieta's Formula, the sum of the roots is (0/1) = 0. Therefore a + b + c + 3 = 0 + 3 = 3.
Wow that's fast.
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+1 Agreed. Applying it again avoided having to use Newton's Equations.
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Relevant wiki: Vieta's Formula - Higher Degrees
Rearranging the equations, we have:
a 3 − a − 1 = 0
b 3 − b − 1 = 0
c 3 − c − 1 = 0
Which clearly means that a , b , and c are three distinct roots of the polynomial x 3 − x − 1 = 0 . (distinct because the polynomial cannot be factorised in a way such that it has atleast two common factors)
The polynomial can also be expressed as x 3 + ( 0 ) x 2 + ( − 1 ) x + ( − 1 ) = 0
Then clearly from Vieta's Formulas,
a + b + c = 0
a b + b c + c a = − 1
a b c = 1
Now,
a 3 + b 3 + c 3
= ( a + 1 ) + ( b + 1 ) + ( c + 1 ) = ( a + b + c ) + 3 = 0 + 3 = 3